Python | GUI | tkinter 实践：用户的注册及登陆

MissMango0820

已于 2022-10-08 15:12:58 修改

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于 2022-07-24 20:18:16 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MissMango0820/article/details/125952274

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本文讲解 tkinter 实践如何注册用户及登陆 ¹。

Updated: 2022 / 10 / 8

利用 tkinter 实现用户的注册及登陆，要求对 tkinter 已掌握一定的基础知识。

思路

登陆 -> 判断用户账号及密码是否正确 -> 成功登陆
注册 -> 判断是否需要注册新用户 -> 注册完毕 -> 成功登陆

实现

设置画布

准备一张图片，作为登陆界面的背景图片，可暂时命名为 background.png。
在本文中，使用以下所示图片：

在这里插入图片描述

import tkinter as tk
from PIL import Image, ImageTk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Log in')
root.geometry('450x300+500+250')
# 以上，创建窗口对象、设置窗口标题和窗口尺寸及位置;

canvas = tk.Canvas(root, height=300, width=450)
# 创建画布对象、设置画布的尺寸;

image = Image.open("background.png")
# 打开要放到画布上的背景图片
im = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
bg = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=im)
# 将背景图片放到画布上
canvas.pack(side='top')
# 将画布归置到最上方

root.mainloop()

效果如下，

在这里插入图片描述

业务逻辑

对于未注册用户，需先进行注册才能进行登录;
对于已注册用户，需验证其用户名及密码信息正确与否然后进行登陆。

信息保存

usrs_info.pickle 是注册成功后生成的文件 ¹，用于保存注册用户的信息。

def sign():
    # get data
    np = newpw.get()
    npf = newpw_confirm.get()
    nn = newun.get()
    # judge if data has already been registered;
    with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
        exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        if np != npf:
            tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Error', message='Confirm Your Password !')
        elif nn in exist_usr_info:
            tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Error', message='This username has been registered !')
        else:
            exist_usr_info[nn] = np
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                # write username and password in user_info_pickle file in the format of dict
                pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
            tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Welcome', message=f"Your register with '{nn}', '{np}' successfully.")
            # destory top level window
            win_signup.destroy()

示例

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import pickle

### create root object
root = tk.Tk()
root.title('Log in')
root.geometry('450x300+500+250')


### create canvas
canvas = tk.Canvas(root, height=300, width=450)
im = Image.open("background1.png")
bgimage = ImageTk.PhotoImage(im)
image = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=bgimage)
canvas.pack(side='top')
# place the canvas to the top


### create labels and entries;
tk.Label(root, text='Username').place(x=80, y=100)
tk.Label(root, text='Password').place(x=80, y=150)
varUN = tk.StringVar()
varUN.set('123@gmail.com')
varPW = tk.StringVar()
entryUN = tk.Entry(root, textvariable=varUN)
entryUN.place(x=160, y=100)
entryPW = tk.Entry(root, textvariable=varPW, show='*')
entryPW.place(x=160, y=150)


### log in event bind to button Log in
def usr_login():
    global un
    un = varUN.get()
    pw = varPW.get()
    # if pickle file exists, load it; else, generate it;
    try:
        with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
            usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
            pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)

    if un in usrs_info:
        if pw == usrs_info[un]:
            tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Welcome', message=un + '：Log in successfully.')
        else:
            tk.messagebox.showinfo(message='Error：Please retry with your password.')
    else:
        is_sign_up = tk.messagebox.askyesno('Info', 'Please register your personal account first.')
        if is_sign_up:
            usr_sign_up()


### sign up event bind to button sign up
def usr_sign_up():
    def sign():
        # get data
        np = new_pwd.get()
        npf = new_pwd_confirm.get()
        nn = new_name.get()
        # judge if data has already been registered;
        with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
            exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
            if np != npf:
                tk.messagebox.showerror('Error', 'Confirm Your Password !')
            elif nn in exist_usr_info:
                tk.messagebox.showerror('Error', 'This username has been registered !')
            else:
                exist_usr_info[nn] = np
                with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                    # write username and password in user_info_pickle file in the format of dict
                    pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
                tk.messagebox.showinfo('Welcome', "Your register with '%s', '%s' successfully." % (nn, np))
                # destory top level window
                window_sign_up.destroy()

    window_sign_up = tk.Toplevel(root)
    window_sign_up.title('Welcome to Register')
    window_sign_up.geometry('450x300+500+250')  # 中间是x，而不是*号

    new_name = tk.StringVar()
    new_name.set(un)
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Username').place(x=30, y=80)
    entry_new_name = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_name)
    entry_new_name.place(x=160, y=80)

    new_pwd = tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Password').place(x=30, y=120)
    entry_usr_pwd = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd, show='*')
    entry_usr_pwd.place(x=160, y=120)
    new_pwd_confirm = tk.StringVar()
    tk.Label(window_sign_up, text='Confirm password').place(x=30, y=160)
    entry_usr_pwd_confirm = tk.Entry(window_sign_up, textvariable=new_pwd_confirm, show='*')
    entry_usr_pwd_confirm.place(x=160, y=160)

    btn_confirm_sign_up = tk.Button(window_sign_up, text='Sign Up ', command=sign)
    btn_confirm_sign_up.place(x=160, y=220)


btn_login = tk.Button(root, text='Log In', command=usr_login)
btn_login.place(x=150, y=230)
btn_sign_up = tk.Button(root, text='Sign Up', command=usr_sign_up)
btn_sign_up.place(x=250, y=230)

root.mainloop()

如果改写成封装式，需要注意，如果想要在方法中调用 canvas，需要提前声明全局变量，参考 ²

import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import messagebox
from PIL import Image, ImageTk
import pickle

image = None
im = None

class LogIn:
    def __init__(self):
        self.root = tk.Tk()
        self.root.title('Log in')
        self.root.geometry('450x300+500+250')
        self.interface()

    def interface(self):
        global image
        global im
        ### create canvas
        canvas = tk.Canvas(self.root, height=300, width=450)
        image = Image.open("background.png")
        im = ImageTk.PhotoImage(image)
        bg = canvas.create_image(0, 0, anchor='nw', image=im)
        canvas.pack(side='top')

        ### create labels and entries;
        tk.Label(self.root, text='Username').place(x=80, y=100)
        tk.Label(self.root, text='Password').place(x=80, y=150)
        #
        varUN = tk.StringVar()
        varUN.set('xxx@gmail.com')
        self.entryUN = tk.Entry(self.root, textvariable=varUN)
        self.entryUN.place(x=160, y=100)
        #
        varPW = tk.StringVar()
        self.entryPW = tk.Entry(self.root, textvariable=varPW, show='*')
        self.entryPW.place(x=160, y=150)

        btn_login = tk.Button(self.root, text='Log In', command=self.usr_login)
        btn_login.place(x=150, y=230)
        btn_sign_up = tk.Button(self.root, text='Sign Up', command=self.usr_sign_up)
        btn_sign_up.place(x=250, y=230)

    def usr_login(self):
        '''
        log in event bind to button Log in
        if pickle file exists, load it; else, generate it;
        :return:
        '''
        self.un = self.entryUN.get()
        self.pw = self.entryPW.get()
        try:
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                usrs_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
        except FileNotFoundError:
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                usrs_info = {'admin': 'admin'}
                pickle.dump(usrs_info, usr_file)
        else:
            if self.un in usrs_info:
                if self.pw == usrs_info[self.un]:
                    tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Welcome', message=f"'{self.un}' Log in successfully.")
                else:
                    tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Error', message=f"Please retry with your password '{self.pw}'.")
            else:
                is_sign_up = tk.messagebox.askyesno('Notice', 'Please register your personal account first.')
                if is_sign_up:
                    self.usr_sign_up()

    def usr_sign_up(self):
        '''
        sign up event bind to button sign up
        :return:
        '''
        def sign():
            # get data
            np = newpw.get()
            npf = newpw_confirm.get()
            nn = newun.get()
            # judge if data has already been registered;
            with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'rb') as usr_file:
                exist_usr_info = pickle.load(usr_file)
                if np != npf:
                    tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Error', message='Confirm Your Password !')
                elif nn in exist_usr_info:
                    tk.messagebox.showerror(title='Error', message='This username has been registered !')
                else:
                    exist_usr_info[nn] = np
                    with open('usrs_info.pickle', 'wb') as usr_file:
                        # write username and password in user_info_pickle file in the format of dict
                        pickle.dump(exist_usr_info, usr_file)
                    tk.messagebox.showinfo(title='Welcome', message=f"Your register with '{nn}', '{np}' successfully.")
                    # destory top level window
                    win_signup.destroy()

        win_signup = tk.Toplevel(self.root)
        win_signup.title('Welcome to Register')
        win_signup.geometry('450x300+500+250')

        newun = tk.StringVar()
        newun.set(self.un)
        tk.Label(win_signup, text='Username').place(x=30, y=80)
        entry_newun = tk.Entry(win_signup, textvariable=newun)
        entry_newun.place(x=160, y=80)

        newpw = tk.StringVar()
        tk.Label(win_signup, text='Password').place(x=30, y=120)
        entry_newpw = tk.Entry(win_signup, textvariable=newpw, show='*')
        entry_newpw.place(x=160, y=120)
        newpw_confirm = tk.StringVar()
        tk.Label(win_signup, text='Confirm password').place(x=30, y=160)
        entry_newpw_confirm = tk.Entry(win_signup, textvariable=newpw_confirm, show='*')
        entry_newpw_confirm.place(x=160, y=160)

        btn_signup_confirm = tk.Button(win_signup, text='Sign Up', command=sign)
        btn_signup_confirm.place(x=200, y=220)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    exLogIn = LogIn()
    exLogIn.root.mainloop()