【HD 1242】（重写/模板）Rescue

Rescue

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 26896 Accepted Submission(s): 9531

Problem Description
Angel was caught by the MOLIGPY! He was put in prison by Moligpy. The prison is described as a N * M (N, M <= 200) matrix. There are WALLs, ROADs, and GUARDs in the prison.

Angel’s friends want to save Angel. Their task is: approach Angel. We assume that “approach Angel” is to get to the position where Angel stays. When there’s a guard in the grid, we must kill him (or her?) to move into the grid. We assume that we moving up, down, right, left takes us 1 unit time, and killing a guard takes 1 unit time, too. And we are strong enough to kill all the guards.

You have to calculate the minimal time to approach Angel. (We can move only UP, DOWN, LEFT and RIGHT, to the neighbor grid within bound, of course.)

Input
First line contains two integers stand for N and M.

Then N lines follows, every line has M characters. “.” stands for road, “a” stands for Angel, and “r” stands for each of Angel’s friend.

Process to the end of the file.

Output
For each test case, your program should output a single integer, standing for the minimal time needed. If such a number does no exist, you should output a line containing “Poor ANGEL has to stay in the prison all his life.”

Sample Input

7 8
#.#####.
#.a#..r.
#..#x...
..#..#.#
#...##..
.#......
........

Sample Output
13

Author
CHEN, Xue

Source

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复习的时候翻出来的题，当初写的时候有参考了别人的模板，现在自己写了一遍，感觉这个形式写比较容易理解。顺便给题目加了注释。

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几个注意点：
1.队列和优先队列的默认排列方式在本题中均不适用。（因为有警卫‘x’）所以需要重载
2.定义结构体类型的时候不要同时定义变量，因为编译器的问题，有些OJ上会报错。

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代码如下：

#include<cstdio>
#include<cstring>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>

using namespace std;
const int INF = 0x3f3f3f3f;

char map[205][205];
int vis[205][205];
int dx[4]={1,-1,0,0};
int dy[4]={0,0,1,-1};
int n,m;
int sx,sy,ex,ey;
struct st{
    int x;
    int y;
    int time;//因为优先队列是从大到小排序，<是默认的排序符号，所以这里重载了<,变为按时间顺序排。
    friend bool operator<( st a,st b )
    {
        return a.time > b.time;
    }
};

int bfs()
{
    st ang,next;
    memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
    priority_queue<st>que;
    ang.x = sx;
    ang.y = sy;
    ang.time = 0;
    vis[sx][sy] = 1;
    que.push(ang);
    while( que.size() )
    {
        ang = que.top();
        que.pop();
        if( ang.x == ex && ang.y == ey )
        {
            return ang.time;
        }
        for( int k=0; k<4; k++ )
        {
            next.x = ang.x + dx[k];
            next.y = ang.y + dy[k];
            if( next.x >=0 && next.y>=0 && next.x<n && next.y<m && map[next.x][next.y]!='#' && !vis[next.x][next.y] )
            {
                if( map[next.x][next.y] == 'x' ){
                    next.time = ang.time+2;
                }else{
                    next.time = ang.time+1;
                }
                vis[next.x][next.y] = 1;    
                que.push(next);
            } 
        }
    }
    return -1;
}


int main()
{

    while( ~scanf("%d%d",&n,&m) )
    {
        for( int i=0; i<n; i++ )
        {
            scanf("%s",map[i]);
        }
        for( int i=0; i<n; i++ )
            for( int j=0; j<m; j++ )
            {
                if( map[i][j] == 'a'){
                    sx = i;
                    sy = j;
                }
                if( map[i][j] == 'r'){
                    ex = i;
                    ey = j;
                }
            }
        int ans = bfs();
        if( ans != -1 )
            printf("%d\n",ans);
        else
            printf("Poor ANGEL has to stay in the prison all his life.\n"); 
    }
    return 0;
}