1、概述
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统,网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台……传播交流信息,数据交换,通信。
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据
javaweb:网页编程 B/S
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S
2、网络通信的要素
如何实现网络的通信
通信双方的地址:
- ip
- 端口号
- 192.168.16.124:5900
规则:网络通信的协议
小结:
1.网络编程中有两个主要的问题
- 如何准确定位到网络上的一台或者多台主机
- 找到主机之后如何进行通信
2.网络编程中的要素
- IP和端口号 IP
- 网络通信协议 UDP、TCP
3.万物皆对象
3、IP
ip地址:InetAddress
- 唯一定位一台网络上计算机
- 127.0.0.1:本机localhost
- ip地址的分类
- ipv4/ipv6
IPV4
127.0.0.1
4个字节(32位),0~255,42亿,30亿都在北美,亚洲4亿,2011年已用尽IPV6
fe80::212b:6554:d0d9:bcad%17
128位。8个无符号整数- 公网(互联网)- 私网(局域网)
- ABCD类地址
- 192.168.xx.xx,专门给组织内部用的(私网)
- 域名:记忆IP问题
- IP:www.baidu.com
import java.net.InetAddress;
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1);
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2);
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3);
//查询网站ip地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4);
//常用方法
System.out.print(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字
System.out.print(inetAddress4.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.print(inetAddress4.getHostName()); //域名
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
4、端口
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
- 不同的进程有不同的端口号,用来区分软件
- 被规定0~65535
- TCP,UDP:65535*2 tcp:80 ,udp:80,单个协议下,端口号不能冲突
- 端口分类
- 公有端口 0~1023
- HTTP:80
- HTTPS:443
- FTP:21
- Telent:23
- 程序注册端口:1014~49151,分配用户或者程序
- Tomcat:8080
- MySQL:3306
- Oracle:1521
- 动态、私有49152~65535
netstat -ano
查看所有的端口netstat -ano|findstr "端口号"
查看具体某一端口tasklist|findstr "端口号"
查看指定端口的进程ctrl + shift + ESC
- 公有端口 0~1023
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TestInetSockerAddress {
public static void main(String[] args){
InetSocketAddress socketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress socketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(socketAddress1);
System.out.println(socketAddress2);
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getAddress()); //ip地址
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getHostName()); //本地ip地址
System.out.println(socketAddress1.getPort()); //端口号
}
}
5、通信协议
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结果,传输控制…
问题:非常的复杂
大事化小:分层
TCP/IP协议簇:实质是一组协议
重要:
- TCP:用户传输协议
- UDP:用户数据报协议
出名的协议:
- TCP:
- IP:网络互连协议
TCP udp对比
TCP:打电话
- 连接、稳定
- 三次握手、四次挥手
- 客户端 、服务端
- 传输完成,释放连接,效率低
客户端 //有错…
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream;
//客户端
public class TcpClient01 {
public static void main(String[] args){
try {
//1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");//可 “ip地址” “名字”
int port = 9999;
//2.创建一个socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(serverIP,port);
//3.发送消息 IO流
OutputStream os = (OutputStream) socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习Java".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
if(os!=null){
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket!=null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
服务端 //有错…
import java.awt.im.InputContext;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
//服务端
public class TcpServer01 {
public static void main(String[] args){
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1.自己得有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.等待客户端连接过来
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//管道流
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}/*finally{
//关闭资源
if (baos!=null) {
}
}*/
}
}
UDP:发短信
- 不连接、不稳定
- 客户端、服务端:没有明确的界限
- 不管有没有准备好,都可以发
- 导弹
- DDOS:洪水攻击(饱和攻击)
//发送方
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.SocketException;
public class UdpClient01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.建立一个socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2.建个包
String msg = "你好呀,服务器";
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//数据、起、始位置、要发送给谁
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port);
//3.发送包
socket.send(packet); //端口发送包
//4.关闭流
socket.close(); //端口关闭
}
}
//接收端
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class UdpServer01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//2.接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0,buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.print(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.print(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
6、TCP
6.1文件上传
客户端
1.连接服务器Socket
2.发送消息
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.OutputStream;
//客户端发送文件
public class TcpClient02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception, IOException{
//1.创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000);
//2.创建一个输出(字节)流
OutputStream os = (OutputStream) socket.getOutputStream();
//3.读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("food.png"));
//4.写入文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
os.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知服务器,我已经结束了
socket.shutdownInput();//我已经传输完了
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能断开
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//String byte[]
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[2048];
int len2;
while((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){
baos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5.关闭资源
baos.close();
inputStream.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
服务器
1.建立服务的端口ServerSocket
2.等待用户连接 accept
3.接受用户信息
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
public class TcpServer02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1.创建服务
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2.监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3.获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4.文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len=is.read(buffer)) !=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = (OutputStream) socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5.关闭资源
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
6.2Tomcat
服务端
- 自定义 S
- Tomca服务器 S
客户端
- 自定义C
- 浏览器B
7、UDP
UDP多线程在线聊天
发送方
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import org.omg.CORBA.PRIVATE_MEMBER;
import org.omg.CORBA.PUBLIC_MEMBER;
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort,String toIP,int toPort){
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket();
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run(){
while(true){
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if(data.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
接收方
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.DatagramPacket;
import java.net.DatagramSocket;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
public class TalkReceive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String msgFrom;
public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom){
this.port = port;
this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run(){
while(true){
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0,container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String (data,0,data.length);
System.out.println(msgFrom+ ":" + receiveData);
if(receiveData.equals("bye")){
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
开启两个线程
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args){
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main (String[] args){
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
8、URL
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析:www.baidu.com xxx.x…x…x
协议: // ip地址:端口/项目 名/资源
import javax.print.DocFlavor.URL;
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args){
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/..");
System.out.print(url.getProtocol()); //协议
System.out.print(url.getHost()); //主机ip
System.out.print(url.getPort()); //端口
System.out.print(url.getPath()); //文件
System.out.print(url.getFile()); //全路径
System.out.print(url.getQuery()); //参数
}
}
使用URL爬取信息
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.net.ssl.HttpsURLConnection;
import org.omg.CORBA.portable.InputStream;
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1.下载地址
URL url = new URL("https://p2.music.126.net/HyRKUlLWAqdCzwUbVAnRhA==/109951165671976745.jpg?param=34y34");
//2.连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = urlConnection.getInputStream();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("109951165671976745.jpg");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){
fos.write(buffer,0,len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
inputStream.close();
urlConnection.disconnect(); //断开连接
}
}