Kubernetes实验 Service

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 11:25:34 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-08-12 11:25:34 发布
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分类专栏： kubernetes
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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/MrRight17/article/details/110730369
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文章目录

Service

Service是Pod的逻辑分组，Service使用Label selector来匹配Pod的Labels（Pod用Labels来确定自己在哪个Service分组）

在这里插入图片描述

Service能够提供负载均衡的能力，但只有4层负载均衡能力

Service的类型：

  • ClusterIP：默认类型，自动分配一个仅Cluster内部可以访问的虚拟IP
  • NodePort：在ClusterIP基础上为Service在每台机器上绑定一个端口，外部可以通过NodeIP:NodePort来访问该服务
  • LoadBalancer：在NodePort的基础上，借助cloud provider创建一个外部负载均衡器，并将请求转发到NodeIP:NodePort
  • ExternalName：把集群外的服务引入到集群内部，在集群内部直接使用

ClusterIP

当请求发送到对应ClusterIP和端口，
将被转发（iptables或ipvs）到kube-proxy中，
kube-proxy内部对请求进行负载均衡，
并查询该Service下对应Pod的地址和端口，
再将请求转发到Pod的地址和端口

# 先创建一个控制器
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
      release: stabel
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
        release: stabel
        env: test
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: nginx:1.8
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports: 
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
---
# 再创建控制器下Pod的Service
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  # Service类型为ClusterIP
  type: ClusterIP
  # 如果Pod存在以下标签，则Pod属于该Service逻辑分组
  selector:
    app: myapp
    release: stabel
  # Pod要暴露到ClusterIP的端口组
  ports:
  - name: http
    # ClusterIP要暴露的端口
    port: 9999
    # 目标Pod上的端口
    targetPort: 80

kubectl get deployment,rs,pod,service -o wide
# NAME                               READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES      SELECTOR
# deployment.apps/myapp-deployment   3/3     3            3           65s   myapp        nginx:1.8   app=myapp,release=stabel

# NAME                                          DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES      SELECTOR
# replicaset.apps/myapp-deployment-69696c78f7   3         3         3       65s   myapp        nginx:1.8   app=myapp,pod-template-hash=69696c78f7,release=stabel

# NAME                                    READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
# pod/myapp-deployment-69696c78f7-8p6xb   1/1     Running   0          65s   172.19.1.49   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
# pod/myapp-deployment-69696c78f7-spg8v   1/1     Running   0          65s   172.19.1.48   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
# pod/myapp-deployment-69696c78f7-wmrpj   1/1     Running   0          65s   172.19.2.21   k8s-node02   <none>           <none>

# NAME                 TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE     SELECTOR
# service/kubernetes   ClusterIP   172.18.0.1     <none>        443/TCP    3d19h   <none>
# service/myapp        ClusterIP   172.18.0.204   <none>        9999/TCP   65s     app=myapp,release=stabel


kubectl run -it testservice --image=busybox --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --restart=Never --rm=true -- wget http://myapp:9999 -O - | cat -
# Connecting to myapp:9999 (172.18.0.204:9999)
# writing to stdout
# <!DOCTYPE html>
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
# <style>
#     body {
#         width: 35em;
#         margin: 0 auto;
#         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
#     }
# </style>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
# <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
# working. Further configuration is required.</p>

# <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
# <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
# Commercial support is available at
# <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

# <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
# </body>
# </html>
# -                    100% |********************************|   612  0:00:00 ETA
# written to stdout
# pod "testservice" deleted


# 在Pod中可以直接通过Pod的名字访问（没有service的情况下，Pod只能通过IP访问目标Pod）


wget http://myapp:9999 -O - | cat -
# --2020-11-30 11:24:44--  http://myapp:9999/
# Resolving myapp (myapp)... failed: Name or service not known.
# wget: unable to resolve host address ‘myapp’


# 在集群外则不行

Headless Service

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-headless
spec:
  selector:
    app: myapp
  # 显式声明clusterIP
  clusterIP: "None"
  ports:
  - port: 9992
    targetPort: 80

kubectl get svc -o wide
# NAME             TYPE        CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)    AGE     SELECTOR
# kubernetes       ClusterIP   172.18.0.1     <none>        443/TCP    3d23h   <none>
# myapp            ClusterIP   172.18.0.204   <none>        9999/TCP   3h56m   app=myapp,release=stabel
# myapp-headless   ClusterIP   None           <none>        9992/TCP   17s     app=myapp


kubectl run -it testservice --image=busybox --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --restart=Never --rm=true -- ping myapp-headless
# If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
# 64 bytes from 172.19.1.48: seq=1 ttl=62 time=0.634 ms
# 64 bytes from 172.19.1.48: seq=2 ttl=62 time=0.620 ms
# ^C
# --- myapp-headless ping statistics ---
# 3 packets transmitted, 3 packets received, 0% packet loss
# round-trip min/avg/max = 0.595/0.616/0.634 ms



# 集群内访问myapp-headless获得Pod地址

NodePort

在Node上开个端口，使集群外部可以访问内部服务

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-nodepod
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: myapp
    release: stabel
  ports:
  - name: http
    # 集群中暴露的端口
    port: 9999
    # 目标Pod上的端口
    targetPort: 80

kubectl get svc -o wide
# NAME            TYPE        CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)          AGE     SELECTOR
# kubernetes      ClusterIP   172.18.0.1    <none>        443/TCP          9m6s    <none>
# myapp-nodepod   NodePort    172.18.0.90   <none>        9999:31231/TCP   4m43s   app=myapp,release=stabel


# 随机生成集群外部可访问端口：31231


wget http://k8s-master01:31231 -O - | cat -
# --2020-11-30 15:56:15--  http://k8s-master01:31231/
# Resolving k8s-master01 (k8s-master01)... 172.16.22.101
# Connecting to k8s-master01 (k8s-master01)|172.16.22.101|:31231... connected.
# HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
# Length: 612 [text/html]
# Saving to: ‘STDOUT’

# 100%[============================================================================>] 612         --.-K/s   in 0s      

# 2020-11-30 15:56:15 (34.6 MB/s) - written to stdout [612/612]

# <!DOCTYPE html>
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
# <style>
#     body {
#         width: 35em;
#         margin: 0 auto;
#         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
#     }
# </style>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
# <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
# working. Further configuration is required.</p>

# <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
# <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
# Commercial support is available at
# <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

# <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
# </body>
# </html>


# 集群外访问k8s-master01:31231


kubectl run -it testservice --image=busybox --image-pull-policy=IfNotPresent --restart=Never --rm=true -- wget http://myapp-nodepod:9999 -O - | cat -
# Connecting to myapp-nodepod:9999 (172.18.0.90:9999)
# writing to stdout
# <!DOCTYPE html>
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
# <style>
#     body {
#         width: 35em;
#         margin: 0 auto;
#         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
#     }
# </style>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
# <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
# working. Further configuration is required.</p>

# <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
# <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
# Commercial support is available at
# <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

# <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
# </body>
# </html>
# -                    100% |********************************|   612  0:00:00 ETA
# written to stdout
# pod "testservice" deleted


# 集群内访问myapp-nodepod:9999

LoadBalancer

需要云服务提供商支持

ExternalName

映射集群外部服务到集群内，通过定义外部服务的别名来对集群内提供服务

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-baidu-service
spec: 
  type: ExternalName
  # my-baidu-service.dufault.svc.cluster.local
  externalName: www.baidu.com

kubectl get svc -o wide
# NAME               TYPE           CLUSTER-IP    EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)          AGE     SELECTOR
# kubernetes         ClusterIP      172.18.0.1    <none>          443/TCP          45m     <none>
# my-baidu-service   ExternalName   <none>        www.baidu.com   <none>           3m58s   <none>

Ingress

官网：https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx/

nginx的修改版
根据不同的域名或路径访问不同的端口服务

Pod和Ingress通过Service关联
Ingress作为统一入口，由Service关联一组Pod

该组件非kubernetes内置组件，需要单独安装部署进kubernetes

安装Ingress

# 只支持helm3部署
helm repo add ingress-nginx https://kubernetes.github.io/ingress-nginx
helm repo update
helm search repo ingress-nginx

helm install cs-ingress ingress-nginx/ingress-nginx
# NAME: cs-ingress
# LAST DEPLOYED: Sat Dec  5 13:32:23 2020
# NAMESPACE: default
# STATUS: deployed
# REVISION: 1
# TEST SUITE: None
# NOTES:
# The ingress-nginx controller has been installed.
# It may take a few minutes for the LoadBalancer IP to be available.
# You can watch the status by running 'kubectl --namespace default get services -o wide -w cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller'

# An example Ingress that makes use of the controller:

#   apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
#   kind: Ingress
#   metadata:
#     annotations:
#       kubernetes.io/ingress.class: nginx
#     name: example
#     namespace: foo
#   spec:
#     rules:
#       - host: www.example.com
#         http:
#           paths:
#             - backend:
#                 serviceName: exampleService
#                 servicePort: 80
#               path: /
#     # This section is only required if TLS is to be enabled for the Ingress
#     tls:
#         - hosts:
#             - www.example.com
#           secretName: example-tls

# If TLS is enabled for the Ingress, a Secret containing the certificate and key must also be provided:

#   apiVersion: v1
#   kind: Secret
#   metadata:
#     name: example-tls
#     namespace: foo
#   data:
#     tls.crt: <base64 encoded cert>
#     tls.key: <base64 encoded key>
#   type: kubernetes.io/tls

kubectl get all
# NAME                                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# pod/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-6878568799-9spzb   1/1     Running   0          60s

# NAME                                                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
# service/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller             LoadBalancer   172.18.0.125   <pending>     80:30730/TCP,443:31025/TCP   36m
# service/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP      172.18.0.142   <none>        443/TCP                      36m
# service/kubernetes                                      ClusterIP      172.18.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                      4d3h

# NAME                                                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
# deployment.apps/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller   1/1     1            1           36m

# NAME                                                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
# replicaset.apps/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-6878568799   1         1         1       36m


# 检测已安装版本
POD_NAME=$(kubectl get pods -l app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}')
kubectl exec -it $POD_NAME -- /nginx-ingress-controller --version
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# NGINX Ingress controller
#   Release:       v0.41.2
#   Build:         d8a93551e6e5798fc4af3eb910cef62ecddc8938
#   Repository:    https://github.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx
#   nginx version: nginx/1.19.4

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

使用Ingress

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp-container
        image: nginx:1.19-alpine
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports: 
        - name: web
          containerPort: 80
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: myapp
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 60000
    targetPort: 80
---
# 创建Ingress规则
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: example-ingress
spec:
  rules:
  # 访问后端应用时使用的域名
  - host: example.ingredemo.com
    http:
      paths:
      # 路径
      - path: /
        backend:
          # 后端应用的Service名字
          serviceName: web
          # 后端应用的Service端口
          servicePort: 60000

kubectl get all -o wide
# NAME                                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP             NODE         NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
# pod/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-6878568799-9spzb   1/1     Running   0          59m   172.19.1.97    k8s-node01   <none>           <none>
# pod/web-84c44bf89d-mzcgh                                   1/1     Running   0          7s    172.19.1.100   k8s-node01   <none>           <none>

# NAME                                                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE    SELECTOR
# service/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller             LoadBalancer   172.18.0.125   <pending>     80:30730/TCP,443:31025/TCP   95m    app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=cs-ingress,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
# service/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP      172.18.0.142   <none>        443/TCP                      95m    app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=cs-ingress,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
# service/kubernetes                                      ClusterIP      172.18.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                      4d4h   <none>
# service/web                                             NodePort       172.18.0.146   <none>        60000:31346/TCP              7s     app=myapp

# NAME                                                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS        IMAGES                                                                                                                SELECTOR
# deployment.apps/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller   1/1     1            1           95m   controller        k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.41.2@sha256:1f4f402b9c14f3ae92b11ada1dfe9893a88f0faeb0b2f4b903e2c67a0c3bf0de   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=cs-ingress,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx
# deployment.apps/web                                   1/1     1            1           7s    myapp-container   nginx:1.19-alpine                                                                                                     app=myapp

# NAME                                                             DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS        IMAGES                                                                                                                SELECTOR
# replicaset.apps/cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-6878568799   1         1         1       95m   controller        k8s.gcr.io/ingress-nginx/controller:v0.41.2@sha256:1f4f402b9c14f3ae92b11ada1dfe9893a88f0faeb0b2f4b903e2c67a0c3bf0de   app.kubernetes.io/component=controller,app.kubernetes.io/instance=cs-ingress,app.kubernetes.io/name=ingress-nginx,pod-template-hash=6878568799
# replicaset.apps/web-84c44bf89d                                   1         1         1       7s    myapp-container   nginx:1.19-alpine                                                                                                     app=myapp,pod-template-hash=84c44bf89d

kubectl get ingress
# Warning: extensions/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.14+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress
# NAME              CLASS    HOSTS                   ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
# example-ingress   <none>   example.ingredemo.com             80      43s


kubectl get svc
# NAME                                            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
# cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller             LoadBalancer   172.18.0.125   <pending>     80:30730/TCP,443:31025/TCP   106m
# cs-ingress-ingress-nginx-controller-admission   ClusterIP      172.18.0.142   <none>        443/TCP                      106m
# kubernetes                                      ClusterIP      172.18.0.1     <none>        443/TCP                      4d5h
# web                                             NodePort       172.18.0.146   <none>        60000:31346/TCP              15s

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

# 直接用地址和端口访问后端对外服务（端口为31346）
curl k8s-master01:31346
# <!DOCTYPE html>
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
# <style>
#     body {
#         width: 35em;
#         margin: 0 auto;
#         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
#     }
# </style>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
# <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
# working. Further configuration is required.</p>

# <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
# <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
# Commercial support is available at
# <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

# <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
# </body>
# </html>


# 向hosts写入域名
echo "example.ingredemo.com 172.16.22.101" >> /etc/hosts


# 测试域名（端口为ingress对外端口30730）
curl example.ingredemo.com:30730
# <!DOCTYPE html>
# <html>
# <head>
# <title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
# <style>
#     body {
#         width: 35em;
#         margin: 0 auto;
#         font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
#     }
# </style>
# </head>
# <body>
# <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
# <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
# working. Further configuration is required.</p>

# <p>For online documentation and support please refer to
# <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
# Commercial support is available at
# <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>

# <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
# </body>
# </html>


# 使用错误的域名访问ingress端口（一个错误的示范）
curl k8s-master01:30730
# <html>
# <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
# <body>
# <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
# <hr><center>nginx</center>
# </body>
# </html>


# 使用IP访问ingress端口（另一个错误的示范）
curl 172.16.22.101:30730
# <html>
# <head><title>404 Not Found</title></head>
# <body>
# <center><h1>404 Not Found</h1></center>
# <hr><center>nginx</center>
# </body>
# </html>

HPA

在这里插入图片描述

HPA通过定期查询Pod的状态，获得Pod的监控数据
然后通过现有Pod的使用率的平均值跟目标使用率进行比较

Pod的使用率的平均值：
监控资源1分钟使用的平均值/设定的每个Pod的request资源值

扩容的Pod数计算公式：
TargetNumOfPods = ceil(sum(CurrentPodsCPUUtuilization)/Target)

Ceil函数：
返回大于或等于指定表达式的最小整数

每次扩容和缩容时都有一个窗口时间，
即每次伸缩操作后就会进入窗口时间，
在此时间段不会再进行伸缩操作。

  • 扩容后3分钟窗口时间
  • 缩容后5分钟窗口时间
    之后如果avg/Target下降9%，会再进行缩容，
    或增加10%，将进行扩容

HPA的实现条件：

  1. HPA不能autoscale daemonset类型control
  2. 要实现autoscale，Pod必须设置request

监控指标收集过程：

  • kubelet收集本机的监控数据，存储与内容中
  • Metrics server周期性的从kubelet的Summary API采集信息
  • 通过metric-api的形式暴露出去
  • HPA控制器直接同metric-api获取监控指标

安装与应用

https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server

# 安装metrics server
wget https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/metrics-server/releases/latest/download/components.yaml


# 在components.yaml的容器命令中加入可以使用不安全的tls（command节）
      # containers:
      # - args:
      #   - --cert-dir=/tmp
      #   - --secure-port=4443
      #   - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP,ExternalIP,Hostname
      #   - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
      #   command: ["/metrics-server", "--kubelet-insecure-tls"]    加入这一行
      #   image: k8s.gcr.io/metrics-server/metrics-server:v0.4.1
      #   imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent


# 没有上面那步，探针将无法探测成功
kubectl apply -f components.yaml
# serviceaccount/metrics-server created
# clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:aggregated-metrics-reader created
# clusterrole.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
# rolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server-auth-reader created
# clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/metrics-server:system:auth-delegator created
# clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/system:metrics-server created
# service/metrics-server created
# deployment.apps/metrics-server created
# apiservice.apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io created


kubectl -n kube-system get all | grep metrics
# pod/metrics-server-56c887f446-4gxg8        1/1     Running   0          10m
# service/metrics-server          ClusterIP   172.18.0.15    <none>        443/TCP                  10m
# deployment.apps/metrics-server   1/1     1            1           10m
# replicaset.apps/metrics-server-56c887f446   1         1         1       10m


# 测试是否安装成功
kubectl top node
# NAME           CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
# k8s-master01   229m         5%     2883Mi          36%       
# k8s-node01     110m         2%     2271Mi          28%       
# k8s-node02     42m          1%     2660Mi          33%

使用HPA

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: test-hpa-deployment
  labels:
    app: test-hpa
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: test-hpa-pod
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: test-hpa-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: app-container
        image: nginx:1.19-alpine
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
        # 要使用HPA必须要有请求资源，不同版本HPA对能支持的资源不同
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: web-test-hpa-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: test-hpa-pod
  ports:
  - name: web
    port: 60001
    targetPort: 80
---
# HPA版本影响HPA能度量的资源
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2beta2
# HPA
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: test-hpa
spec:
  # 最多增加到10个实例
  maxReplicas: 10
  # 最少减少到1个实例
  minReplicas: 1
  # 被测量目标参照
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: test-hpa-deployment
  metrics:
  - type: Resource
    resource:
      name: cpu
      target:
        # 类型：利用率
        type: Utilization
        averageUtilization: 80

kubectl get hpa
# NAME       REFERENCE                        TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
# test-hpa   Deployment/test-hpa-deployment   0%/80%    1         10        1          3m21s


kubectl get hpa,svc,deployment,pod
# NAME                                           REFERENCE                        TARGETS   MINPODS   MAXPODS   REPLICAS   AGE
# horizontalpodautoscaler.autoscaling/test-hpa   Deployment/test-hpa-deployment   0%/80%    1         10        1          4m26s

# NAME                                                    TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)                      AGE
# service/web-test-hpa-service                            NodePort       172.18.0.193   <none>        60001:32553/TCP              4m26s

# NAME                                                  READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
# deployment.apps/web                                   1/1     1            1           10h

# NAME                                                       READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
# pod/test-hpa-deployment-5bfcdf778-m7rgr                    1/1     Running   0          4m26s
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