CentOS7 安装MySQL8

CentOS7 安装MySQL8

一、MySQL 安装包下载

• 进入MySQL官网，选择 DOWNLOADS
  
• 点击 MySQL Community (GPL) Downloads 链接进入下载页
  
• 选择 MySQL Community Server
• 选择版本（redhat 或者 linux-generic都行）
  
• 选择对应的64位版本 – Download
  
• 点击 No thanks, just start my download. 选择直接下载
  

二、MySQL安装

Ⅰ- mysql安装的前置准备工作

• 检查是否有安装mysql(如果有就进行卸载，我是新安装的CentOS7是没有)

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql 
----找到mysql文件夹
find / -name mysql
whereis mysql

• 查看是否有mariaDB

rpm -qa|grep mariadb

//删除
rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64
//删除my.cnf
rm -rf /etc/my.cnf

• 安装包上传到 CentOS 服务器上
  
• Mysql 有个推荐的默认安装路径 /usr/local ,先将 安装包移动到该目录下

[root@gone ~]# mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz  /usr/local/
[root@gone ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@gone local]# ls
bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz sbin  share  src

• 解压该安装包

[root@gone local]# tar -xvf mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisam_ftdump
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamchk
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisamlog
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/myisampack
mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql
...
...

• 解压之后的文件
  

• 文件夹名称太长，直接修改为 mysql

[root@gone local]# mv mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@gone local]# ls -lrt
total 596012
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 src
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 libexec
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 lib64
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 lib
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 include
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 games
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root         6 Apr 11  2018 bin
drwxr-xr-x. 5 root root        49 Jul 17  2021 share
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 610315332 Jan 30 21:13 mysql-8.0.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
drwxr-xr-x. 9 root root       129 Jan 30 21:29 mysql8

• 查看解压之后的大小为1.1个G

[root@gone local]# du -h --max-depth=1

• mysql 中各个目录的作用

bin 目录：一些可执行的命令，包括启动 mysql 服务，连接 mysql 的命令

docs目录: 一些相关的文档信息

include目录: mysql的头文件（mysql是由 C 和C++ 写的，所以这里面能看到 .h 的头文件）

lib目录: 用于放置一系列库文件

share目录: 用于存放字符集、语言等信息 ，错误信息和配置文件

support-files目录: 存放的是服务启动脚本

data目录: 存放mysql数据的目录，这个目录是需要自己创建的

[root@gone mysql]# mkdir data

mysql 默认保存数据的目录是/usr/local/mysql/data ，vim查看 mysql.server 脚本中可以发现默认保存数据的目录 datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data 就是我们创建的data目录

• 查看是否存在mysql 用户组 和创建用户组

[root@gone mysql]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql
[root@gone mysql]# cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql

• 创建mysql 用户组和用户

[root@gone mysql]# groupadd mysql
[root@gone mysql]# useradd -r -g mysql mysql

• 更改mysql 目录下所有文件夹所属的用户组和用户，以及权限

[root@gone mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@gone mysql]# chmod -R 777 /usr/local/mysql

Ⅱ- 常规安装

• 初始化mysql 数据（data），并生成一个临时密码

[root@gone mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data/
2023-01-30T14:26:12.069192Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 89205
2023-01-30T14:26:12.189064Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-01-30T14:26:12.863570Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-01-30T14:26:13.902710Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: +wOx3EwCggMq

如果临时密码忘记了，需要重新初始化一次就可以

bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data/
2023-01-30T14:29:39.629058Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 89471
2023-01-30T14:29:39.630835Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2023-01-30T14:29:39.630845Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory /usr/local/mysql/data/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2023-01-30T14:29:39.630892Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2023-01-30T14:29:39.631032Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.32)  MySQL Community Server - GPL.

提示报错：The designated data directory /usr/local/mysql/data/ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it. 是说data目录中有文件了，需要清空之后再初始化，即可成功

[root@gone data]# rm -rf *
[root@gone data]# ll
total 0
[root@gone data]# cd ..
[root@gone mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /usr/local/mysql/data/
2023-01-30T14:32:44.864266Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.32) initializing of server in progress as process 89679
2023-01-30T14:32:44.874017Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2023-01-30T14:32:45.347413Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2023-01-30T14:32:46.371687Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: AwgZV)tPe38a

• 查看初始化后的 data 目录：
  
• 将 support-files 目录下的启动脚本 复制一份到 /etc/init.d/ 目录下 ，复制过去的脚本名称可以任取，比如像直接命名为 mysql

[root@gone init.d]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql

• 启动mysql 服务
  一般CentOS都自带mariaDB,此次mysql 安装是默认的常规安装配置，启动之前删 /etc/my.cnf 配置文件，然后启动 mysql 服务

[root@gone ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf	

--启动 mysql
root@gone ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/gone.err'.
. SUCCESS! 

Ⅲ - 非常规安装

不安装在默认目录下

• 把在默认路径 /usr/local/ 下的mysql 文件夹移动到新创建的 /opt/database/ 路径
  

• 初始化 mysql 下的data目录（提示报错，是因为没有指定初始化的 datadir ）

[root@gone mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
mysqld: Can't create directory '/usr/local/mysql/data/' (Errcode: 2 - No such file or directory)
2023-01-31T08:46:36.461736Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2023-01-31T08:46:36.461909Z 0 [ERROR] Can't find error-message file '/usr/local/mysql/share/errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2023-01-31T08:46:36.462640Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting

解决办法：
☆ 初始化时指定 datadir和basedir ，可以看到初始化成功并生成了新的临时密码

[root@gone mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /opt/database/mysql/data --basedir=/opt/database/mysql
2023-01-31T08:48:08.174133Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2023-01-31T08:48:08.426141Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2023-01-31T08:48:08.480478Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2023-01-31T08:48:08.542534Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: fc421c0e-a143-11ed-8df1-000c2993dda5.
2023-01-31T08:48:08.544263Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2023-01-31T08:48:09.083424Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2023-01-31T08:48:09.162463Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: j&RCjT5iCaWM

☆在 /etc/my.cnf 文件中指定初始化的 datadir和basedir

basedir=/opt/database/mysql
datadir=/opt/database/mysql/data

清空 /opt/database/mysql/data 目录再次执行初始化，可以看到初始化成功并生成了新的临时密码

[root@gone mysql]# /bin/mysqld --initialize --usr=mysql 
-bash: /bin/mysqld: No such file or directory
[root@gone mysql]# bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql 
2023-01-31T08:56:46.188168Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2023-01-31T08:56:46.368877Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2023-01-31T08:56:46.397377Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2023-01-31T08:56:46.454498Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 30f53460-a145-11ed-8e6f-000c2993dda5.
2023-01-31T08:56:46.455559Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2023-01-31T08:56:47.448128Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2023-01-31T08:56:47.820853Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: y7%.EG4J5M7y

❗ 注意：上述两种方式中如果只是指定了datadir 但是不指定basedir 初始化可以成功但是会有一行报错的提示信息

• 启动mysql 服务

初始化data 目录是使用 'bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir /opt/database/mysql/data --basedir=/opt/database/mysql‘ 命令指定了basedir 和 datadir 的
，在启动mysql 服务之前需要在 /etc/my.cnf 中配置 basedir=/opt/database/mysql
否则启动会报错

[root@gone ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start 
/etc/init.d/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

初始化目录是通过 /etc/my.cnf 配置好了 datadir 和 basedir 则直接启动即可

[root@gone ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql start 
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/database/mysql/data/gone.err'.
 SUCCESS!

如果启动之后，/etc/my.cnf 文件中的 basedir 被修改或者删除了，停止mysql 服务也会报错

[root@gone ~]# /etc/init.d/mysql stop
/etc/init.d/mysql.server: line 239: my_print_defaults: command not found
 ERROR! MySQL server PID file could not be found!

• 连接MySQL

[root@gone ~]# mysql -u root -p
bash: mysql: command not found...

提示命令未找到，需要修改 .bash_profile ，指定现在的bin目录

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/opt/database/mysql/bin

修改完成后 执行 source .bash_profile 命令使文件立即生效

[root@gone ~]# source .bash_profile

再次执行登录mysql 命令，修改用户密码后再次登录

[root@gone ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.32

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> alter user user() identified by 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> exit
Bye
[root@gone ~]# mysql -u root -p 
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| sys                |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

• 创建提供远程访问连接的用户并分配权限

mysql> create user 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'mysql';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.42 sec)
-- 赋权
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

至此，Mysql安装完成