JDBC接口核心的API:
java.sql.* 和 javax.sql.*
|- Driver接口: 表示java驱动程序接口。所有的具体的数据库厂商要来实现此接口。
|- connect(url, properties): 连接数据库的方法。
url: 连接数据库的URL
URL语法: jdbc协议:数据库子协议://主机:端口/数据库
user: 数据库的用户名
password: 数据库用户密码
|- DriverManager类: 驱动管理器类,用于管理所有注册的驱动程序
|-registerDriver(driver) : 注册驱动类对象
|-Connection getConnection(url,user,password); 获取连接对象
|- Connection接口: 表示java程序和数据库的连接对象。
|- Statement createStatement() : 创建Statement对象
|- PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) 创建PreparedStatement对象
|- CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) 创建CallableStatement对象
|- Statement接口: 用于执行静态的sql语句
|- int executeUpdate(String sql) : 执行静态的更新sql语句(DDL,DML)
|- ResultSet executeQuery(String sql) :执行的静态的查询sql语句(DQL)
|-PreparedStatement接口:用于执行预编译sql语句
|- int executeUpdate() : 执行预编译的更新sql语句(DDL,DML)
|-ResultSet executeQuery() : 执行预编译的查询sql语句(DQL)
|-CallableStatement接口:用于执行存储过程的sql语句(call xxx)
|-ResultSet executeQuery() : 调用存储过程的方法
|- ResultSet接口:用于封装查询出来的数据
|- boolean next() : 将光标移动到下一行
|-getXX() : 获取列的值
JDBCUtils.java
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.Statement;
public class JDBCUtils {
public static Connection getConnection(){
// String driverName = "com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver";
// String driverName = "oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver";
String driverName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
// String url = "jdbc:sqlserver://localhost:1433; DataBaseName = studentManager";
// String url = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:test";
String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test";
String username = "root";
String password = "root";
Connection conn = null;
try{
Class.forName(driverName);
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url,username,password);
System.out.println("success");
}catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return conn;
}
public static void close(ResultSet rs, Statement sta , Connection con)
{
try {
if(null != rs)
{
rs.close();
rs = null ;
}
if(null != sta)
{
sta.close();
sta = null ;
}
if(null != con)
{
con.close();
con = null ;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
/**
* 执行DDL语句(创建表)
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
Statement stmt = null;
Connection conn = null;
try {
//1.驱动注册程序
//Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
//conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Connection conn = JDBCutils.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.准备sql
String sql = "CREATE TABLE student(id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,NAME VARCHAR(20),gender VARCHAR(2))";
//5.发送sql语句,执行sql语句,得到返回结果
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
//6.输出
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行!");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally{
//7.关闭连接(顺序:后打开的先关闭)
if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
使用Statement执行sql语句:
/**
* 增加
*/
@Test
public void testInsert(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try {
//通过工具类获取连接对象
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句
String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES('李四','女')";
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally{
//关闭资源
/*if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
/**
* 修改
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
//模拟用户输入
String name = "陈六";
int id = 3;
try {
/*//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
//通过工具类获取连接对象
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句
String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME='"+name+"' WHERE id="+id+"";
System.out.println(sql);
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally{
//关闭资源
/*if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
/**
* 删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelete(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
//模拟用户输入
int id = 3;
try {
/*//1.注册驱动
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//2.获取连接对象
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);*/
//通过工具类获取连接对象
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//3.创建Statement对象
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//4.sql语句
String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id="+id+"";
//5.执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate(sql);
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally{
//关闭资源
/*if(stmt!=null)
try {
stmt.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
if(conn!=null)
try {
conn.close();
} catch (SQLException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}*/
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
}
/**
* 使用Statement执行DQL语句(查询操作)
*/
public class Demo3 {
@Test
public void test1(){
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try{
//获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//创建Statement
stmt = conn.createStatement();
//准备sql
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
//执行sql
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
//移动光标
/*boolean flag = rs.next();
flag = rs.next();
flag = rs.next();
if(flag){
//取出列值
//索引
int id = rs.getInt(1);
String name = rs.getString(2);
String gender = rs.getString(3);
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
//列名称
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
}*/
//遍历结果
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
}
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}finally{
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
}
使用PreparedStatement执行sql语句:(预编译检查语法后设置参数)
/**
* 增加
*/
@Test
public void testInsert() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "INSERT INTO student(NAME,gender) VALUES(?,?)"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setString(1, "李四");
stmt.setString(2, "男");
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
/**
* 修改
*/
@Test
public void testUpdate() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "UPDATE student SET NAME=? WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setString(1, "王五");
stmt.setInt(2, 9);
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
/**
* 删除
*/
@Test
public void testDelete() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "DELETE FROM student WHERE id=?"; //?表示一个参数的占位符
//3.执行预编译sql语句(检查语法)
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.设置参数值
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置 从1开始
*/
stmt.setInt(1, 9);
//5.发送参数,执行sql
int count = stmt.executeUpdate();
System.out.println("影响了"+count+"行");
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
/**
* 查询
*/
@Test
public void testQuery() {
Connection conn = null;
PreparedStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//1.获取连接
conn = JDBCUtils.getConnection();
//2.准备预编译的sql
String sql = "SELECT * FROM student";
//3.预编译
stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
//4.执行sql
rs = stmt.executeQuery();
//5.遍历rs
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
//关闭资源
JDBCUtils.close(res, stmt,conn);
}
}
}
PreparedStatement vs Statment
1)语法不同:PreparedStatement可以使用预编译的sql,而Statment只能使用静态的sql
2)效率不同: PreparedStatement可以使用sql缓存区,效率比Statment高
3)安全性不同: PreparedStatement可以有效防止sql注入,而Statment不能防止sql注入。
CallableStatement执行存储过程:
/**
* 使用CablleStatement调用存储过程
*
*/
public class Demo1 {
/**
* 调用带有输入参数的存储过程
* CALL pro_findById(4);
*/
@Test
public void test1(){
Connection conn = null;
CallableStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql
String sql = "CALL pro_findById(?)"; //可以执行预编译的sql
//预编译
stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
//设置输入参数
stmt.setInt(1, 6);
//发送参数
rs = stmt.executeQuery(); //注意: 所有调用存储过程的sql语句都是使用executeQuery方法执行!!!
//遍历结果
while(rs.next()){
int id = rs.getInt("id");
String name = rs.getString("name");
String gender = rs.getString("gender");
System.out.println(id+","+name+","+gender);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
}
}
/**
* 执行带有输出参数的存储过程
* CALL pro_findById2(5,@NAME);
*/
@Test
public void test2(){
Connection conn = null;
CallableStatement stmt = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
//获取连接
conn = JdbcUtil.getConnection();
//准备sql
String sql = "CALL pro_findById2(?,?)"; //第一个?是输入参数,第二个?是输出参数
//预编译
stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
//设置输入参数
stmt.setInt(1, 6);
//设置输出参数(注册输出参数)
/**
* 参数一: 参数位置
* 参数二: 存储过程中的输出参数的jdbc类型 VARCHAR(20)
*/
stmt.registerOutParameter(2, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);
//发送参数,执行
stmt.executeQuery(); //结果不是返回到结果集中,而是返回到输出参数中
//得到输出参数的值
/**
* 索引值: 预编译sql中的输出参数的位置
*/
String result = stmt.getString(2); //getXX方法专门用于获取存储过程中的输出参数
System.out.println(result);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
throw new RuntimeException(e);
} finally {
JdbcUtil.close(conn, stmt ,rs);
}
}
}