Lesson 1
-
The cursor is moved using either the arrow keys or the hjkl keys.
h (left)
j (down)
k (up)
l (right)
-
To start Vim from the shell prompt type:
vim FILENAME <ENTER>
-
To exit Vim type:
<ESC> :q! <ENTER>
to trash all changes.
OR type:<ESC> :wq <ENTER>
to save the changes. -
To delete the character at the cursor type:
x
-
To insert or append text type:
i
type inserted text<ESC>
insert before the cursor
A
type appended text<ESC>
append after the lineNOTE: Pressing
<ESC>
will place you in Normal mode or will cancel
an unwanted and partially completed command.
Lesson 2
- To delete from the cursor up to the next word type:
dw
- To delete from the cursor to the end of a line type:
d$
- To delete a whole line type:
dd
- To repeat a motion prepend it with a number:
2w
Type
2w
to move the cursor two words forward.
Type3e
to move the cursor to the end of the third word forward.
Type0
(zero) to move to the start of the line.
Repeat the above three operations for many times. - Type
d2w
to delete the two UPPER CASE wordsinsert a count before the motion to delete more:
d number motion
- To undo previous actions, type:
u
(lowercase u)
To undo all the changes on a line, type:U
(capital U)
To undo the undo’s, type:CTRL-R
Lesson 3
- To put back text that has just been deleted, type
p
. This puts the
deleted text AFTER the cursor (if a line was deleted it will go on the
line below the cursor). - To replace the character under the cursor, type
r
and then the
character you want to have there. - The change operator allows you to change from the cursor to where the
motion takes you. eg. Typece
to change from the cursor to the end of
the word,c$
to change to the end of a line. - The format for change is:
c [number] motion
Lesson 4
CTRL-G
displays your location in the file and the file status.
G
moves to the end of the file.
number G
moves to that line number.
gg
moves to the first line.- Typing
/
followed by a phrase searchesFORWARD
for the phrase.
Typing?
followed by a phrase searchesBACKWARD
for the phrase.
After a search typen
to find the next occurrence in the same direction
orN
to search in the opposite direction.
CTRL-O
takes you back to older positions,CTRL-I
to newer positions. - Typing
%
while the cursor is on a(,),[,],{, or }
goes to its match. - To substitute new for the first old in a line type
:s/old/new
To substitute new for all 'old’s on a line type:s/old/new/g
To substitute phrases between two line #'s type:#,#s/old/new/g
To substitute all occurrences in the file type:%s/old/new/g
To ask for confirmation each time add ‘c’:%s/old/new/gc
Lesson 5
:!
command executes an external command.
Some useful examples are:
(MS-DOS) | (Unix) | |
---|---|---|
:!dir | left-aligned | - shows a directory listing. |
:!del'FILENAME | :!rm FILENAME | - removes file FILENAME. |
-
:w FILENAME
writes the current Vim file to disk with name FILENAME. -
v
motion:w
FILENAME saves the Visually selected lines in file
FILENAME. -
:r FILENAME
retrieves disk file FILENAME and puts it below the
cursor position. -
:r !dir
reads the output of thedir
command and puts it below the
cursor position.
Lesson 6
-
Type
o
to open a line BELOW the cursor and start Insert mode.
TypeO
to open a line ABOVE the cursor. -
Type
a
to insert text AFTER the cursor.
TypeA
to insert text after the end of the line. -
The
e
command moves to the end of a word. -
The
y
operator yanks (copies) text,p
puts (pastes) it. -
Typing a capital
R
enters Replace mode until<ESC>
is pressed. -
Typing
":set xxx"
sets the option"xxx"
. Some options are:
'ic' 'ignorecase'
ignore upper/lower case when searching
'is' 'incsearch'
show partial matches for a search phrase
'hls' 'hlsearch'
highlight all matching phrases
You can either use the long or the short option name. -
Prepend “no” to switch an option off:
:set noic
.
Lesson 7
-
Type :help or press
<F1>
or<Help>
to open a help window. -
Type
:help cmd
to find help oncmd
. -
Type
CTRL-W CTRL-W
to jump to another window -
Type
:q
to close the help window -
Create a vimrc startup script to keep your preferred settings.
-
When typing a
:
command, pressCTRL-D
to see possible completions.
Press<TAB>
to use one completion.