9_hibernate基础配置_注解

以下讲解部分注解的作用，其中需要在xml中修改的注解，在下图中展示：

1、当表明和类名不一致时，增加注解@table(name="sqlTableName")（from：javax.persistence）   

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;

    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

执行测试文件，控制台显示：

create table _Teacher (
        id integer not null,
        name varchar(255),
        title varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )
10:44:39,818  INFO SchemaExport:268 - schema export complete
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        _Teacher
        (name, title, id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?)

2、字段名和属性相同

     所有没有定义注解的属性等价于在其上面添加了

                                                                      @Basic注解

3、字段名与属性名不同

     在getter方法上加注解：     

               @Cloumn(name ="sqlCloumnName")

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;

    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="_name")
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

控制台显示：

drop table if exists _Teacher
14:59:48,873 DEBUG SchemaExport:377 -
    create table _Teacher (
        id integer not null,
        _name varchar(255),
        title varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )
14:59:48,950  INFO SchemaExport:268 - schema export complete
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        _Teacher
        (_name, title, id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?)

4、若实体类中的某个属性不想在数据库中生成，则可以用注解@Transient，即透明的

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;
    private String yourWifeName;

    @Transient
    public String getYourWifeName() {
        return yourWifeName;
    }
    public void setYourWifeName(String yourWifeName) {
        this.yourWifeName = yourWifeName;
    }
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="_name")
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

控制台显示（并没有显示建立加过@Transient注解的字段）：

create table _Teacher (
        id integer not null,
        _name varchar(255),
        title varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )
15:10:04,473  INFO SchemaExport:268 - schema export complete
Hibernate:
    insert
    into
        _Teacher
        (_name, title, id)
    values
        (?, ?, ?)

在xml中如果不想要某个字段，直接不写即可

5、映射日期与时间类型，指定时间精度

     a、Annotation：@Temporal

如果在实体类中直接建立了Date（java.util.Date）类型的数据，注解为@Basic时，数据库中会自动生成datetime类型的数据2017-05-19 15:24:08，即包括日期，也包括时间，

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;
    private String yourWifeName;
    private Date birthDate;


    public Date getBirthDate() {
        return birthDate;
    }
    public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {
        this.birthDate = birthDate;
    }
    @Transient
    public String getYourWifeName() {
        return yourWifeName;
    }
    public void setYourWifeName(String yourWifeName) {
        this.yourWifeName = yourWifeName;
    }
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="_name")
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

数据库中显示：

可以通过@Temporal( TemporalType.DATE)设置只显示日期；

或者 @ Temporal(TemporalType. TIME )设置只显示时间

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;
    private String yourWifeName;
    private Date birthDate;

    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    public Date getBirthDate() {
        return birthDate;
    }
    public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {
        this.birthDate = birthDate;
    }
    @Transient
    public String getYourWifeName() {
        return yourWifeName;
    }
    public void setYourWifeName(String yourWifeName) {
        this.yourWifeName = yourWifeName;
    }
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="_name")
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

6、映射枚举类型

     Annotation：@Enumerated

     xml：麻烦

新建一个Enume类型的类，命名为ZhiCheng

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

public enum ZhiCheng {
     A,B,C
}

给Teacher建立ZhiCheng属性，并且使用 @Enumerated (EnumType. STRING )和 @Enumerated (EnumType. ORDINAL )分别对getter方法修饰：

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.EnumType;
import javax.persistence.Enumerated;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;
import javax.persistence.Temporal;
import javax.persistence.TemporalType;
import javax.persistence.Transient;

@Entity
@Table(name="_Teacher")
public class Teacher {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private String title;
    private String yourWifeName;
    private Date birthDate;
    private ZhiCheng zhiCheng;

    @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
    public ZhiCheng getZhiCheng() {
        return zhiCheng;
    }
    public void setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng zhiCheng) {
        this.zhiCheng = zhiCheng;
    }
    @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)
    public Date getBirthDate() {
        return birthDate;
    }
    public void setBirthDate(Date birthDate) {
        this.birthDate = birthDate;
    }
    @Transient
    public String getYourWifeName() {
        return yourWifeName;
    }
    public void setYourWifeName(String yourWifeName) {
        this.yourWifeName = yourWifeName;
    }
    @Id
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    @Column(name="_name")
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }
    public void setTitle(String title) {
        this.title = title;
    }

}

测试文件中：

package com.mym.hibernate.model;

import java.util.Date;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;


public class TeacherTest {
    private static SessionFactory sf = null;

    @BeforeClass
    public static void beforeClass(){
        sf = new AnnotationConfiguration().configure().buildSessionFactory();
    }

    @Test
    public void testTeacherSave(){
        Teacher t = new Teacher();
        t.setId(6);
        t.setName("t1");
        t.setTitle("tt2");
        t.setBirthDate(new Date());
        t.setZhiCheng(ZhiCheng.A);

        Session session = sf.openSession();
        session.beginTransaction();
        session.save(t);
        session.getTransaction().commit();
        session.close();
    }

    @AfterClass
    public static void afterClass(){
        sf.close();
    }
}

情况一：

当使用 @Enumerated (EnumType. STRING )修饰时，是以varchar（字符串）的类型将枚举（Enume）类型的值存入数据库

当使用@Enumerated(EnumType.ORDINAL)修饰时，是以integer（int）的类型将枚举（Enum）类中值的数组下标的值存入数据库中

7、字段映射的位置

     放到field（成员变量）上和get方法上效果一样

     建议放在get方法上

     因为field 定义的是private类型的，既然要定义为私有，就是不想再被进行更改。而如果将注解放到field上，就相当于hibernate通过映射，访问了field，不符合我们的想法，所以不建议放到field即成员变量上