Linux实验 lab4

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 17:26:15 发布

Mr_paidaxing

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-18 17:26:15 发布

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文章标签： linux 服务器运维

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Mr_paidaxing/article/details/130277346

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Linux lab4

一、准备工作

1. gdb-multiarch安装

由于使用的是arm64内核，因此需要gdb-multiarch来调试

下载安装

sudo apt install gdb-multiarch

2. 安装编译工具链

为了编译arm64文件，需要安装交叉编译工具链

sudo apt install gcc-aarch64-linux-gnu

sudo apt install libncurses5-dev  build-essential git bison flex libssl-dev

3. 制作根文件系统

3.1 编译busybox

cd ~/linux-5.4.34
wget  https://busybox.net/downloads/busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
tar -xjf busybox-1.33.1.tar.bz2
cd busybox-1.33.1
make menuconfig

在configuration中打开静态库编译选项

Settings --->
 [*] Build static binary (no shared libs)

在这里插入图片描述

指定编译工具并进行编译

export ARCH=arm64
export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
//编译
make
make install

等待完成，在busybox目录下生成_install目录

3.2 定制文件系统

cd _install 
mkdir etc dev lib

在etc目录下创建其他文件

profile: 在linuxrc启动后读取属性。

fstab:提供文件系统挂载信息

inittab:读取sysinit并执行

rcS:查找设备并mknod

在etc文件夹下执行

cd etc
vim profile

//以下为profile内容
#!/bin/sh
export HOSTNAME=imingz
export USER=root
export HOME=/home
export PS1="[$USER@$HOSTNAME \W]\# "
PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/lib:/usr/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH

//继续创建

vim inittab

::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
::respawn:-/bin/sh
::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/bin/umount -a -r

//继续创建
vim fstab

#device  mount-point    type     options   dump   fsck order
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
tmpfs /tmp tmpfs defaults 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
tmpfs /dev tmpfs defaults 0 0
debugfs /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
kmod_mount /mnt 9p trans=virtio 0 0

//继续创建
mkdir -p init.d
cd init.d
vim rcS

mkdir -p /sys
mkdir -p /tmp
mkdir -p /proc
mkdir -p /mnt
/bin/mount -a
mkdir -p /dev/pts
mount -t devpts devpts /dev/pts
echo /sbin/mdev > /proc/sys/kernel/hotplug
mdev -s

切换至dev文件夹下

cd ../../dev
//将用户态输出打印到串口上
sudo mknod console c 5 1

切换至lib文件夹下

cd ../lib
//拷贝lib库
sudo cp /usr/aarch64-linux-gnu/lib/*.so*  -a .

4. 编译内核

4.1 配置内核

cd ~/linux-5.4.34
make defconfig ARCH=arm64

//加入配置
vim .config

以下为加入的配置内容

CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO=y 
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="./root"
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_UID=0
CONFIG_INITRAMFS_ROOT_GID=0

CONFIG_DEBUG_INFO 是为了方便调试

CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE 是指定 kernel ramdisk 的位置，这样指定之后 ramdisk 会直接被编译到 kernel 镜像中

将制作好的根文件系统复制到root目录下

cp -r ../busybox-1.33.1/_install root

sudo mknod root/dev/console c 5 1

4.2 执行编译

make ARCH=arm64 Image -j8  CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

5. 启动qemu

5.1 下载qemu

sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev pkg-config libglib2.0-dev binutils-dev libboost-all-dev autoconf libtool libssl-dev libpixman-1-dev libpython-dev python-pip python-capstone virtualenv

wget https://download.qemu.org/qemu-4.2.1.tar.xz

extract qemu-4.2.1.tar.xz

cd qemu-4.2.1

./configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu,x86_64-linux-user,arm-softmmu,arm-linux-user,aarch64-softmmu,aarch64-linux-user --enable-kvm

make 

sudo make install

5.2 启动qemu

注意路径

/usr/local/bin/qemu-system-aarch64 -m 512M -smp 4 -cpu cortex-a57 -machine virt -kernel ~/linux-5.4.34/arch/arm64/boot/Image -append "rdinit=/linuxrc nokaslr console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -nographic -s

在以上安装软件过程中，可能会出现：

E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend - open (11: Resource temporarly unavailable)

解决方法

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend       
 
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

二、系统调用

1. 构造代码

使用PPT上提供的代码，

在rootfs目录下创建test.c文件

#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>

int main()
{
      time_t tt;
      struct timeval tv;
      struct tm *t;
#if 0
      gettimeofday(&tv,NULL);
#else
      asm volatile(
          "add   x0, x29, 16\n\t"  //X0寄存器用于传递参数&tv
          "mov   x1, #0x0\n\t"     //X1寄存器用于传递参数NULL
          "mov   x8, #0xa9\n\t"   //使用X8传递系统调用号169
          "svc   #0x0\n\t"            //触发系统调用
      );
#endif
      tt = tv.tv_sec;                    //tv是保存获取时间结果的结构体
      t = localtime(&tt);                //将世纪秒转换成对应的年月日时分秒
      printf("time: %d/%d/%d %d:%d:%d\n",
             t->tm_year + 1900,
             t->tm_mon,
             t->tm_mday,
             t->tm_hour,
             t->tm_min,
             t->tm_sec);
      return 0;
}

对该文件进行交叉编译

aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc -o test test.c -static

make ARCH=arm64 Image -j8  CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-

2. 启动调试

设置vscode配置文件:

c_cpp_properties.json:

{
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "Linux",
            "includePath": [
                "${workspaceFolder}/arch/x86/include/**",
                "${workspaceFolder}/include/**",
                "${workspaceFolder}/include/linux/**",
                "${workspaceFolder}/arch/x86/**",
                "${workspaceFolder}/**"
            ],
            "cStandard": "c11",
            "intelliSenseMode": "gcc-x64",
            "compileCommands": "${workspaceFolder}/compile_commands.json"
        }
    ],
    "version": 4
}

launch.json:

{
    // launch.json
    // Use IntelliSense to learn about possible attributes.
    // Hover to view descriptions of existing attributes.
    // For more information, visit: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
      {
        "name": "(gdb) linux",
        "type": "cppdbg",
        "request": "launch",
        "preLaunchTask": "vm",
        "program": "${workspaceRoot}/vmlinux",
        "miDebuggerPath":"/usr/bin/gdb-multiarch",
        "miDebuggerServerAddress": "localhost:1234",
        "args": [],
        "stopAtEntry": true,
        "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
        "environment": [],
        "externalConsole": false,
        "MIMode": "gdb",
        "miDebuggerArgs": "-n",
        "targetArchitecture": "x64",
        "setupCommands": [
          {
            "text": "dir .",
            "ignoreFailures": false
          },
          {
            "text": "add-auto-load-safe-path ./",
            "ignoreFailures": false
          },
          {
            "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
            "ignoreFailures": true
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }

settings.json：

{
    "search.exclude": {
        "**/.git": true,
        "**/.svn": true,
        "**/.DS_Store": true,
        "**/drivers": true,
        "**/sound": true,
        "**/tools": true,
        "**/arch/alpha": true,
        "**/arch/arc": true,
        "**/arch/c6x": true,
        "**/arch/h8300": true,
        "**/arch/hexagon": true,
        "**/arch/ia64": true,
        "**/arch/m32r": true,
        "**/arch/m68k": true,
        "**/arch/microblaze": true,
        "**/arch/mn10300": true,
        "**/arch/nds32": true,
        "**/arch/nios2": true,
        "**/arch/parisc": true,
        "**/arch/powerpc": true,
        "**/arch/s390": true,
        "**/arch/sparc": true,
        "**/arch/score": true,
        "**/arch/sh": true,
        "**/arch/um": true,
        "**/arch/unicore32": true,
        "**/arch/xtensa": true
    },
    "files.exclude": {
        "**/.*.*.cmd": true,
        "**/.*.d": true,
        "**/.*.o": true,
        "**/.*.S": true,
        "**/.git": true,
        "**/.svn": true,
        "**/.DS_Store": true,
        "**/drivers": true,
        "**/sound": true,
        "**/tools": true,
        "**/arch/alpha": true,
        "**/arch/arc": true,
        "**/arch/c6x": true,
        "**/arch/h8300": true,
        "**/arch/hexagon": true,
        "**/arch/ia64": true,
        "**/arch/m32r": true,
        "**/arch/m68k": true,
        "**/arch/microblaze": true,
        "**/arch/mn10300": true,
        "**/arch/nds32": true,
        "**/arch/nios2": true,
        "**/arch/parisc": true,
        "**/arch/powerpc": true,
        "**/arch/s390": true,
        "**/arch/sparc": true,
        "**/arch/score": true,
        "**/arch/sh": true,
        "**/arch/um": true,
        "**/arch/unicore32": true,
        "**/arch/xtensa": true
    },
    "[c]": {
        "editor.detectIndentation": false,
        "editor.tabSize": 8,
        "editor.insertSpaces": false
    },
    "C_Cpp.errorSquiggles": "disabled"
}

tasks.json:

注意文件路径

{
    // tasks.json
    // See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=733558
    // for the documentation about the tasks.json format
    "version": "2.0.0",
    "tasks": [
      {
        "label": "vm",
        "type": "shell",
        "command": "qemu-system-aarch64 -m 128M -smp 1 -cpu cortex-a57 -machine virt -kernel ~/linux-5.4.34/arch/arm64/boot/Image -initrd ../rootfs.cpio.gz -append "rdinit=/init console=ttyAMA0 loglevel=8" -nographic -s ",
        "presentation": {
          "echo": true,
          "clear": true,
          "group": "vm"
        },
        "isBackground": true,
        "problemMatcher": [
          {
            "pattern": [
              {
                "regexp": ".",
                "file": 1,
                "location": 2,
                "message": 3
              }
            ],
            "background": {
              "activeOnStart": true,
              "beginsPattern": ".",
              "endsPattern": ".",
            }
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "label": "build linux",
        "type": "shell",
        "command": "make",
        "group": {
          "kind": "build",
          "isDefault": true
        },
        "presentation": {
          "echo": false,
          "group": "build"
        }
      }
    ]
}

启动调试。

打断点

在对应内核函数处停下
在这里插入图片描述