面向对象构造、析构和virtual规则

1）构造函数是从基类到子类逐步构造，像一颗生长的树。

2）析构函数是从子类到基类逐步析构，像一颗退化的树。

3）基类声明了一个成员函数为virtual，子类只要重写了该方法，无论是否声明为virtual，都将具有多态的性质。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class A
{
public:
	A(){cout << "constructed A"<< endl;}
	virtual ~A(){cout << "destructed A"<< endl;}
	virtual void fun1(){cout << "A" << endl;}
	virtual void fun2(){cout << "A" << endl;}
};

class B:public A
{
public:
	B(){cout << "constructed B"<< endl;}
	~B(){cout << "destructed B"<< endl;}
	void fun1(){cout << "B" << endl;}
	void fun2(){cout << "B" << endl;}
};

class C:public B
{
public:
	C(){cout << "constructed C"<< endl;}
	~C(){cout << "destructed C"<< endl;}
	void fun1(){cout << "C" << endl;}
	void fun2(){cout << "C" << endl;}
};

int main(void)
{
	A* pa;
	pa = new A();
	pa->fun1();
	pa->fun2();
	delete(pa);

	pa = new B();
	pa->fun1();
	pa->fun2();
	delete(pa);

	pa = new C();
	pa->fun1();
	pa->fun2();
	delete(pa);

	return 0;
}