什么是Servlet?可以这么说,Servlet是JSP的前身,它是运行在服务器端的一段小程序,通过“请求-响应”模式来访问驻留在服务器内存中的小程序
Tomcat的容器等级:
Tomcat有四个容器等级。Tomcat->Container(容器)->Engine(容器)->HOST->Servlet(容器)->Context(容器)->Wrapper
Servlet的容器管理Context容器,一个Context对应一个Web工程
手工编写Servlet程序:
1、继承HttpServlet的一个java类:
Servlet(interface)[方法Init()、service()、destroy()]->GenericServlet(Abstract Class)[与协议无关的Servlet]->HttpServlet(Abstract Class)[实现了Http协议的servlet]->自定义Servlet[一般覆盖doGet()和doPost()方法]
2、覆盖doGet()或者doPost()方法
3、在web.xml中注册Servlet
在进行servlet配置时,表示遇到了很多问题,不过最后终于解决了!
首先,我们在index页面中通过一个form表单以get形式提交访问到servlet
<form action="Servlet/Test" method="get">
<!--这里的虚拟路径就是导致我开始配置不成功的罪魁祸首:后面会有建立servlet的包名、类名和配置文件等信息-->
<input type="submit" value="提交">
接下来在src中创建servlet类:注意创建类的时候要让类继承于javax.servlet.http包中的HttpServlet类
在创建的test类中覆盖doGet()和doPost()方法
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class test extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public test() {
super();
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("这里是doGet()方法");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("这里是doPost()方法");
}
}
接下来进行web.xml文件的配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>MyFirstServlet</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<!--servlet的名字-->
<servlet-name>test</servlet-name>
<!--完整的servlet所在类-->
<servlet-class>servlet.test</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<!--与前面的servlet-name要相同-->
<servlet-name>test</servlet-name>
<!--与请求的路径地址对应-->
<url-pattern>/Servlet/Test</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
为解决运行结果中的乱码问题,加上代码
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
得到解决
最终的运行结果为:
这里是doGet()方法