在以下三种情况中,Servlet容器将会装载Servlet:
1、Servlet容器启动时自动装载某些Servlet,实现它只需要 在web.xml文件的<Servlet></Servlet>
标签中添加下列的代码:
<loadon-startup>1</loadon-startup>
数字越小表示优先级越高
2、在Servlet容器启动后,客户首次向Servlet发送请求
3、Servlet类文件被更新后,装载Servlet
Servlet对象创建后,会长期保存在服务器的内存当中
接下来我们通过代码来看看究竟Servlet的生命周期是怎样演进的
通过get方式首次访问Servlet
package servlet;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class test extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
/**
* @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
*/
public test() {
System.out.println("test构造方法被执行");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
out.println("<h1>大家好,我是test!</h1>");
System.out.println("test的service()方法被执行!");
}
/**
* @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
*/
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request,response);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("test销毁方法被执行");
}
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("test初始化方法被执行");
}
}
运行结果显示为:
test构造方法被执行
test初始化方法被执行
test的service()方法被执行!
则在首次访问Servlet时,会通过创建Servlet实例,初始化Servlet,执行service()方法的顺序执行,当我们停止服务器时,调用destroy()方法
test销毁方法被执行
实现Servlet的自动装载:创建两个Servlet,test和test2,在web.xml中进行如下配置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>MyFirstServlet</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>test</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.test</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>servlet.test2</servlet-class>
<!--test2的优先级较高-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>test</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/Servlet/Test</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>test2</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/Servlet/Test2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
直接启动服务器,运行结果如下:
test2构造方法被执行
test2初始化方法被执行
test构造方法被执行
test初始化方法被执行
当Servlet源文件更新后,装载Servlet
首先我们进入tomcat文件夹,在webapps中找到该项目,并找到Servlet中的两个.class文件
接下来修改test类中的内容,再次查看test.class文件
发现此时的test.class文件的创建时间已经发生了变化,说明Servlet被再次加载