Java 深克隆和浅克隆

Java 深克隆和浅克隆
一、为什么要克隆？
使用场景: 当使用一个对象的属性时，需要进行一些修改，但是又不能直接修改该对象，此时我们就可以使用克隆来拷贝一个对象，进行操作。不然就需要new一个对象，对属性赋值。
总的来说为了保证引用类型的参数不被其他方法修改，可以使用克隆后的值作为参数传递。
一般情况下，我们实际需要使用的是深克隆。

二、如何克隆

1. 浅克隆
   对象的类实现Cloneable接口
   重写Object类的clone()方法
2. 深克隆
   对象的类实现Cloneable接口
   重写Object类的clone()方法
   在clone()方法中手动赋值

三、代码**
浅克隆

public class Teacher implements Cloneable{
    private Student student;
    private int age;

    public Teacher(Student student, int age) {
        this.student = student;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    public void setStudent(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    protected Teacher clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = (Teacher)super.clone();
        return teacher;
    }

public class Student{
        private int age;
        private String name;

        public Student(int age, String name) {
            this.age = age;
            this.name = name;
        }

        public int getAge() {
            return age;
        }

        public void setAge(int age) {
            this.age = age;
        }

        public String getName() {
            return name;
        }

        public void setName(String name) {
            this.name = name;
        }

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student student=new Student(1,"张三");
        Teacher teacher=new Teacher(student,2);
        Teacher clone = teacher.clone();

        System.out.println(teacher.getStudent()==clone.getStudent());

        clone.getStudent().setAge(3);
        System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSON(clone));
        System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSON(teacher));
    }
}

运行结果

true
{"student":{"name":"张三","age":3},"age":2}
{"student":{"name":"张三","age":3},"age":2}

看结果可知：
1、teacher.clone() 生成对象，结果为true，说明两个student对象指向同一个内存地址
2、通过修改其中一个对象的属性值，结果两个对象的属性值都发生变化，说明两个student对象指向同一个内存地址

深克隆

public class Teacher implements Cloneable{
    private Student student;
    private int age;

    public Teacher(Student student, int age) {
        this.student = student;
        this.age = age;
    }

    public Student getStudent() {
        return student;
    }

    public void setStudent(Student student) {
        this.student = student;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    protected Teacher clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Teacher teacher = (Teacher)super.clone();
        teacher.setStudent(this.getStudent().clone());
        return teacher;
    }

public class Student implements Cloneable{
    private int age;
    private String name;

    public Student(int age, String name) {
        this.age = age;
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    protected Student clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        return (Student)super.clone();
    }

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        Student student=new Student(1,"张三");
        Teacher teacher=new Teacher(student,2);
        Teacher clone = teacher.clone();

        System.out.println(teacher.getStudent()==clone.getStudent());

        clone.getStudent().setAge(3);
        System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSON(clone));
        System.out.println(JSONObject.toJSON(teacher));
    }

结果

false
{"student":{"name":"张三","age":3},"age":2}
{"student":{"name":"张三","age":1},"age":2}

看结果可知：
1、teacher.clone() 生成对象，结果为false，说明两个student对象指向不同的内存地址
2、通过修改其中一个对象的属性值，结果其中一个对象的属性值发生变化，说明两个student对象指向不同的内存地址

回顾一下浅克隆和深克隆的概念

浅克隆是指拷贝对象时仅仅拷贝对象本身（包括对象中的基本变量），而不拷贝对象里面包含的引用对象。

深克隆不仅拷贝对象本身，而且拷贝对象里面包含引用指向的所有对象。

END
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