scrapy框架手动请求发送 练习代码
setting配置
# Scrapy settings for handReqPro project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
BOT_NAME = 'handReqPro'
SPIDER_MODULES = ['handReqPro.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'handReqPro.spiders'
# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
#USER_AGENT = 'handReqPro (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'
# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False
LOG_LEVEL = 'ERROR'
# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32
# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
#DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
#CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16
# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
#COOKIES_ENABLED = False
# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
#TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False
# Override the default request headers:
#DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
# 'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
# 'Accept-Language': 'en',
#}
# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
#SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'handReqPro.middlewares.HandreqproSpiderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
# 'handReqPro.middlewares.HandreqproDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
#}
# Enable or disable extensions
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
#EXTENSIONS = {
# 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
#}
# Configure item pipelines
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
'handReqPro.pipelines.HandreqproPipeline': 300,
}
# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
#AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
#AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
#AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
#AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
#AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False
# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
#HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
#HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
#HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
#HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
#HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'
hand.py
import scrapy
from handReqPro.items import HandreqproItem
class HandSpider(scrapy.Spider):
name = 'hand'
# allowed_domains = ['www.xxx.com']
start_urls = ['https://so.gushiwen.org/guwen/bookv_46653FD803893E4F699E8628DEAEE3C0.aspx']
page = 2
path = '//*[@class="bookvmiddle"]/a[%d]/@href'
def parse(self, response):
p_list = response.xpath('//p/text()').extract()
p_title = response.xpath('//b/text()').extract()
item = HandreqproItem()
item['title'] = p_title
item['p'] = p_list
yield item
# print(1)
new_path = format(self.path%self.page)
self.page = 3
try:
new_url = response.xpath(new_path).extract()
except BaseException:
print('爬取失败!')
else:
if len(new_url):
print(new_url)
yield scrapy.Request(url=new_url[0],callback=self.parse)
else:
print('爬取完毕!')
item.py
# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html
import scrapy
class HandreqproItem(scrapy.Item):
# define the fields for your item here like:
# name = scrapy.Field()
title = scrapy.Field()
p = scrapy.Field()
pipelines.py
# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
# useful for handling different item types with a single interface
from itemadapter import ItemAdapter
class HandreqproPipeline:
fp = None
def open_spider(self, spider):
# print('我只会在开始时执行一次')
self.fp = open('./论语.docx','w',encoding='utf-8')
def close_spider(self, spider):
# print('我只会在结束的时候执行一次')
self.fp.close()
def process_item(self, item, spider):
p_str = ''.join(item['p'])
# print(p_str)
title = item['title']
print(title[0])
self.fp.write(title[0]+':'+p_str+'\n\n\n')
return item
效果展示
- 在目录下输入命令
scrapy crawl hand
- 终端出现如下结果
- 看看保存在本地的文件效果
- 保存为word文件
效果还不错
初学爬虫,欢迎交流学习!