二、Ribbon

一、Ribbon简介

Spring Cloud Ribbon是一个基于HTTP和TCP的客户端负载均衡工具，它基于Netflix Ribbon实现。

在微服务架构中，业务都会被拆分成一个独立的服务，服务与服务的通讯是基于http restful的。Spring cloud有两种服务调用方式，一种是ribbon+restTemplate，另一种是feign。

 

二、搭建服务提供者service-hello

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mo-cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>service-hello</artifactId>
    <description>服务提供者</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- springboot 安全监控 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- eureka服务提供者的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  # springboot设置随机端口号
  port: 0
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    # 重写服务的唯一Id,防止多实例对被注册成一个服务
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${random.int}
    # 设置优先使用ip进行注册
    prefer-ip-address: true
spring:
  application:
    name: service-hello

 

package com.mo.config;

import org.springframework.boot.web.context.WebServerInitializedEvent;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * spring监听器,监听容器中发布的事件
 *
 * @author x.pan
 * @email px5215201314@163.com
 * @date 2020/4/6 19:31
 */
@Component
public class ServerConfig implements ApplicationListener<WebServerInitializedEvent> {

    private int port;

    @Override
    public void onApplicationEvent(WebServerInitializedEvent webServerInitializedEvent) {
        /*
         * 获取tomcat启动的真实端口号
         */
        port = webServerInitializedEvent.getWebServer().getPort();
    }

    public int getPort() {
        return this.port;
    }
}

package com.mo;

import com.mo.config.ServerConfig;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @author x.pan
 * @email px5215201314@163.com
 * @date 2020/4/6 19:02
 */
@RestController
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceHelloApplication {

    @Autowired
    private ServerConfig serverConfig;

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceHelloApplication.class, args);
    }

    /**
     * 对外提供的一个服务,
     * 可以使用idea开启多实例
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return "hello, " + serverConfig.getPort();
    }
}

 

三、搭建服务消费者ribbon 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <parent>
        <artifactId>mo-cloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.mo</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <artifactId>ribbon</artifactId>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- ribbon负载均衡的依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

server:
  port: 0
spring:
  application:
    name: ribbon
eureka:
  client:
    service-url:
      default-zone: http://127.0.0.1:8761/eureka/
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${random.int}

package com.mo.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @author x.pan
 * @email px5215201314@163.com
 * @date 2020/4/6 19:54
 */
@RestController
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 调用SERVICE-HELLO提供的服务
     * RestTemplate通过负载均衡会自动将服务名,解析为ip:port
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/hello")
    public String hello() {
        return restTemplate.getForObject("http://SERVICE-HELLO/hello", String.class);
    }
}

package com.mo;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * Ribbon服务启动器
 *
 * @author x.pan
 * @email px5215201314@163.com
 * @date 2020/4/6 19:51
 */
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class RibbonApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(RibbonApplication.class, args);
    }


    /**
     * 注入一个开启了负载均衡的bean:restTemplate
     *
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }
}

效果：请求ribbon服务的hello接口，会交替显示service-hello两个服务执行结果