XML
即可扩展标记语言,描述数据及数据间的结构关系
XML文档
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Students>
<student>
<name>张三</name>
<sex>男</sex>
<age>21</age>
</student>
<student>
<name>李四</name>
<sex>男</sex>
<age>19</age>
</student>
<student>
<name>樱姬</name>
<sex>女</sex>
<age>18</age>
</student>
<student>
<name>乔峰</name>
<sex>男</sex>
<age>19</age>
</student>
<student>
<name>张三丰</name>
<sex>男</sex>
<age>78</age>
</student>
</Students>
<!-- 特殊符号的保存 -->
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Teachers>
<!-- 方式一:转义符 -->
<teacher>
<name>王老师</name>
<sex>男</sex>
<age>18>age>23</age>
</teacher>
<!-- 方式二:特殊符号 -->
<teacher>
<name>刘老师</name>
<sex>女</sex>
<age><![CDATA[16<age<18]]></age>
</teacher>
</Teachers>
解析xml
DOM4J:简单的开源库,使用前先下载jar包和添加路径
/*
* 查找--xml
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.util.List;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.DocumentSource;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
public class Search {
public static void main(String[] args) throws DocumentException {
// 1.SAXReader实例化
SAXReader sx = new SAXReader();
// 2.File对象实例化
File file = new File("Students.xml");
// 3.读取文档
Document doc = sx.read(file);
// 4.读取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getRootElement();
// 5.读取对象集合
List<Element> eleList = rootEle.elements("student");
// 6.遍历
for (int i = 0; i < eleList.size(); i++) {
// String name = eleList.get(i).element("name").getText();
// String sex = eleList.get(i).element("sex").getText();
// String age = eleList.get(i).element("age").getText();
String name = eleList.get(i).elementText("name");
String sex = eleList.get(i).elementText("sex");
String age = eleList.get(i).elementText("age");
System.out.println(name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age);
}
}
}
/*
* 增加
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.OutputFormat;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class Insert {
public static void main(String[] args) throws DocumentException, IOException {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.创建SAXReader对象
SAXReader sx = new SAXReader();
// 2.File对象实例化
File file = new File("Students.xml");
// 3.获取文档
Document doc = sx.read(file);
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getRootElement();
// 5.添加主标签
Element student = rootEle.addElement("student");
// 6.添加子标签
Element name = student.addElement("name");
Element sex = student.addElement("sex");
Element age = student.addElement("age");
// 7.存值
System.out.println("请输入姓名:");
name.setText(input.next());
System.out.println("请输入性别:");
sex.setText(input.next());
System.out.println("请输入年龄:");
age.setText(input.next());
// 8.覆盖
/********************* 方式1 *****************************/
// FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Cars.xml");
// OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos, "utf-8");
// BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
// doc.write(bw);
// bw.flush();
// bw.close();
/********************* 方式2 *****************************/
OutputFormat opf = OutputFormat.createPrettyPrint();
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Students.xml");
XMLWriter xml = new XMLWriter(fos, opf);
xml.write(doc);
xml.close();
}
}
/*
* 修改
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class Update {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.SAXReader对象实例化
SAXReader sx = new SAXReader();
// 2.File对象实例化
File file = new File(".\\Students.xml");
// 3.获取文档
Document doc = sx.read(file);
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getRootElement();
// 5.获取对象集合
List<Element> eleList = rootEle.elements("student");
// 6.查找修改的元素
System.out.println("请输入要修改的姓名:");
String name = input.next();
for (Element element : eleList) {
if(element.elementText("name").equalsIgnoreCase(name)){
System.out.println("请输入性别:");
String sex = input.next();
System.out.println("请输入年龄:");
String age = input.next();
Element sexT = element.element("sex");
Element ageT = element.element("age");
// 7.修改
sexT.setText(sex);
ageT.setText(age);
break;
}
}
// 8.覆盖
XMLWriter xml = new XMLWriter(new FileOutputStream("Students.xml"));
xml.write(doc);
xml.close();
}
}
/*
* 删除
*/
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import org.dom4j.Document;
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;
import org.dom4j.Element;
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;
public class Delete {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.SAXReader对象实例化
SAXReader sx = new SAXReader();
// 2.File对象实例化
File file = new File("Students.xml");
// 3.获取文档
Document doc = sx.read(file);
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getRootElement();
// 5.获取对象集合
List<Element> eleList = rootEle.elements();
// 6.查找
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的姓名:");
String name = input.next();
for (Element element : eleList) {
if(element.elementText("name").equalsIgnoreCase(name)){
// 7.删除
rootEle.remove(element);
break;
}
}
// 8.覆盖
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("Students.xml");
XMLWriter xml = new XMLWriter(fos);
xml.write(doc);
xml.close();
}
}
DOM:文档对象是一颗倒挂的DOM树
在DOM模型中,每个节点(Node)都有一系列子节点(ChildNode),每个子节点都有唯一的父节点(ParentNode)。节点又可分为元素节点(element node)和文本节点(text node),元素节点可以包含属性(attribute)
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
/*
* 增加
*/
public class Insert {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.获取文档解析工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
// 2.获取文档解析器
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
// 3.解析文件获取文档
Document doc = db.parse(".\\Students.xml");
// 4.获取根(文档)元素
Element rootEle = doc.getDocumentElement();
// 5.在目录中创建标签
Element student = doc.createElement("student");
Element name = doc.createElement("name");
Element sex = doc.createElement("sex");
Element age = doc.createElement("age");
// 5.1赋值
System.out.println("请输入姓名:");
name.setTextContent(input.next());
System.out.println("请输入性别:");
sex.setTextContent(input.next());
System.out.println("请输入年龄:");
age.setTextContent(input.next());
// 6.插入位置
student.appendChild(name);
student.appendChild(sex);
student.appendChild(age);
rootEle.appendChild(student);
// 7.替换
// 7.1转换器工厂
TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
// 7.2转换器对象
Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream(
"Students.xml"));
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
transformer.transform(source, result);
}
}
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
/*
* 删除
*/
public class Delete {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.获取文档解析器工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
// 2.获取文档解析器
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
// 3.解析文件获取目录
Document doc = db.parse(".\\Students.xml");
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getDocumentElement();
// 5.获取全部标签
NodeList name = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("name");
// 6.查找
System.out.println("请输入你要删除的姓名:");
String nName = input.next();
for (int i = 0; i < name.getLength(); i++) {
if (name.item(i).getTextContent().equalsIgnoreCase(nName)) {
// 7.由父删子
Node parent = name.item(i).getParentNode();
Node grandParent = parent.getParentNode();
grandParent.removeChild(parent);
}
}
// 8.替换
// 8.1转换器工厂
TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
// 8.2转换器对象
Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream("Students.xml"));
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
transformer.transform(source, result);
}
}
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
/*
* 修改
*/
public class Update {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 1.获取文档解析器工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
// 2.获取文档解析器
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
// 3.解析文件获取文档
Document doc = db.parse(new File(".\\Students.xml"));
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getDocumentElement();
// 5.获取全部标签
NodeList name = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("name");
NodeList sex = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("sex");
NodeList age = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("age");
// 6.查找
System.out.println("请输入你要修改的名字:");
String nName = input.next();
for (int i = 0; i < name.getLength(); i++) {
if (name.item(i).getTextContent().equalsIgnoreCase(nName)) {
// 7.修改对应标签
System.out.println("请输入性别:");
sex.item(i).setTextContent(input.next());
System.out.println("请输入年龄:");
age.item(i).setTextContent(input.next());
break;
}
}
// 8.替换
// 8.1转换器工厂
TransformerFactory factory = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
// 8.2转换器对象
Transformer transformer = factory.newTransformer();
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "utf-8");
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(new FileOutputStream(
"Students.xml"));
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(doc);
transformer.transform(source, result);
}
}
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
/*
* 查找
*/
public class Search {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// 1.获取文档解析器工厂
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
// 2.获取文档解析器
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
// 3.解析文件获取文档
Document doc = db.parse(".\\Students.xml");
// 4.获取根元素
Element rootEle = doc.getDocumentElement();
// 5.根据名字获取全部标签
NodeList name = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("name");
NodeList sex = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("sex");
NodeList age = rootEle.getElementsByTagName("age");
// 6.遍历
for (int i = 0; i < name.getLength(); i++) {
String tName = name.item(i).getTextContent();
String tSex = sex.item(i).getTextContent();
String tAge = age.item(i).getTextContent();
System.out.println(tName+"\t"+tSex+"\t"+tAge);
}
}
}