Mybatis的一级缓存
Mybatis对缓存提供支持,但是在没有配置的默认情况下,它只开启一级缓存,一级缓存只是相对于同一个SqlSession而言。所以在参数和SQL完全一样的情况下,我们使用同一个SqlSession对象调用一个Mapper方法,往往只执行一次SQL,因为使用SelSession第一次查询后,MyBatis会将其放在缓存中,以后再查询的时候,如果没有声明需要刷新,并且缓存没有超时的情况下,SqlSession都会取出当前缓存的数据,而不会再次发送SQL到数据库。
一级缓存简介
1、默认开启
2、作用域: 一级缓存 是SqlSession 级别的 , 回话之间共享
3、增加 修改 默认为true , 查询默认为false, 在XML可以用 flushCache=true 来进行清空缓存
4、也就是说当执行update操作的时候, 一级缓存就失效了
5、用hashmap存储
一级缓存的缺点
一级缓存是SqlSession 级别的 , 也就是别的会话进行了update操作, 其他会话并不知道, 这是其他会话就读取的是脏数据
•线程不安全
一级缓存的生命周期有多长?
a、MyBatis在开启一个数据库会话时,会 创建一个新的SqlSession对象,SqlSession对象中会有一个新的Executor对象。Executor对象中持有一个新的PerpetualCache对象;当会话结束时,SqlSession对象及其内部的Executor对象还有PerpetualCache对象也一并释放掉。
b、如果SqlSession调用了close()方法,会释放掉一级缓存PerpetualCache对象,一级缓存将不可用。
c、如果SqlSession调用了clearCache(),会清空PerpetualCache对象中的数据,但是该对象仍可使用。
d、SqlSession中执行了任何一个update操作(update()、delete()、insert()) ,都会清空PerpetualCache对象的数据,但是该对象可以继续使用
怎么判断两次查询是完全相同的查询?
2.1 传入的statementId
2.2 查询时要求的结果集中的结果范围
2.3. 这次查询所产生的最终要传递给JDBC java.sql.Preparedstatement的Sql语句字符串(boundSql.getSql() )
2.4 传递给java.sql.Statement要设置的参数值
验证Mybatis的一级缓存功能
@Test
public void testStart() throws IOException {
//1、mybatis主配置文件
String config = "mybatis-config.xml";
//2、读取配置文件
InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(config);
//3、创建sqlSessionFactory对象,目的是获取sqlSession
SqlSessionFactory factory =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//4、获取SqlSession,SqlSession能执行sql语句
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
//5、执行sqlSession的selectList()
List<Object> studentList = session.selectList("com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao.selectStudents");
List<Object> studentList2 = session.selectList("com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao.selectStudents");
//6、循环输出查询结果
studentList.forEach(student-> System.out.println(student));
studentList2.forEach(student-> System.out.println(student));
//7、关闭SqlSession,释放资源
session.close();
}
可以看出我们用的是一个sqlSession,现在我们打印日志
Created connection 1278852808.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
==> Preparing: select id,name,email,age from student
==> Parameters:
<== Columns: id, name, email, age
<== Row: 1, 梁佳宝, ljb@163.com, 25
<== Row: 2, 马珂, make@163.com, 26
<== Row: 3, 闫伟强, ywq@163.com, 21
<== Row: 4, 赫于富, hyf@163.com, 22
<== Row: 5, 吉莹, jy@163.com, 23
<== Row: 6, 赵晓东, zxd@163.com, 24
<== Total: 6
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
Returned connection 1278852808 to pool.
Process finished with exit code 0
可以从日志看出,就查了一次数据库
一级缓存源码分析
从localCache中获取数据也就是一级缓存
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
ErrorContext.instance().resource(ms.getResource()).activity("executing a query").object(ms.getId());
if (this.closed) {
throw new ExecutorException("Executor was closed.");
} else {
if (this.queryStack == 0 && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
this.clearLocalCache();
}
List list;
try {
++this.queryStack;
list = resultHandler == null ? (List)this.localCache.getObject(key) : null;
if (list != null) {
this.handleLocallyCachedOutputParameters(ms, key, parameter, boundSql);
} else {
list = this.queryFromDatabase(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
} finally {
--this.queryStack;
}
如果缓存中没有那么就从数据库中查询
private <E> List<E> queryFromDatabase(MappedStatement ms, Object parameter, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
this.localCache.putObject(key, ExecutionPlaceholder.EXECUTION_PLACEHOLDER);
List list;
try {
list = this.doQuery(ms, parameter, rowBounds, resultHandler, boundSql);
} finally {
this.localCache.removeObject(key);
}
//查询后的值,放入到缓存中
this.localCache.putObject(key, list);
if (ms.getStatementType() == StatementType.CALLABLE) {
this.localOutputParameterCache.putObject(key, parameter);
}
return list;
}
二级缓存
SqlSessionFactory层面上的二级缓存默认是不开启的,二级缓存的开席需要进行配置,实现二级缓存的时候,MyBatis要求返回的POJO必须是可序列化的。 也就是要求实现Serializable接口,配置方法很简单,只需要在映射XML文件配置就可以开启缓存了,
二级缓存简介
• 默认不开启
• 作用域: namespace 中共享 , 跨会话 跨线程
• sqlsession 在提交的时候才会存入二级缓存
• 二级缓存命中率更高
• 什么时候开启二级缓存
• 以查询为主的namespace , 因为增删改会频繁清空二级缓存
• 一般分布式 高并发的项目都使用第三方插件管理, 独立的服务器作为缓存服务器
• 存储缓存的也是hashmap
二级缓存开启与不开启对比
二级缓存不开启
@Test
public void testStart() throws IOException {
//1、mybatis主配置文件
String config = "mybatis-config.xml";
//2、读取配置文件
InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(config);
//3、创建sqlSessionFactory对象,目的是获取sqlSession
SqlSessionFactory factory =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//4、获取SqlSession,SqlSession能执行sql语句
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
SqlSession session2 = factory.openSession();
//5、执行sqlSession的selectList()
List<Object> studentList = session.selectList("com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao.selectStudents");
List<Object> studentList2 = session.selectList("com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao.selectStudents");
List<Object> studentList3 =session2.selectList("com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao.selectStudents");
//6、循环输出查询结果
studentList.forEach(student-> System.out.println(student));
studentList2.forEach(student-> System.out.println(student));
studentList3.forEach(student-> System.out.println(student));
//7、关闭SqlSession,释放资源
session.close();
}
Created connection 1278852808.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
==> Preparing: select id,name,email,age from student
==> Parameters:
<== Columns: id, name, email, age
<== Row: 1, 梁佳宝, ljb@163.com, 25
<== Row: 2, 马珂, make@163.com, 26
<== Row: 3, 闫伟强, ywq@163.com, 21
<== Row: 4, 赫于富, hyf@163.com, 22
<== Row: 5, 吉莹, jy@163.com, 23
<== Row: 6, 赵晓东, zxd@163.com, 24
<== Total: 6
Opening JDBC Connection
Created connection 1431467659.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@5552768b]
==> Preparing: select id,name,email,age from student
==> Parameters:
<== Columns: id, name, email, age
<== Row: 1, 梁佳宝, ljb@163.com, 25
<== Row: 2, 马珂, make@163.com, 26
<== Row: 3, 闫伟强, ywq@163.com, 21
<== Row: 4, 赫于富, hyf@163.com, 22
<== Row: 5, 吉莹, jy@163.com, 23
<== Row: 6, 赵晓东, zxd@163.com, 24
<== Total: 6
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@4c39bec8]
Returned connection 1278852808 to pool.
Resetting autocommit to true on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@5552768b]
Closing JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@5552768b]
Returned connection 1431467659 to pool.
Process finished with exit code 0
从日志中可以看出进行了二次的查询
二级缓存开启
(1)对实体类进行序列化
@Data
public class Student implements Serializable {
//属性名和列名一样
private Integer id;
private String name;
private String email;
private Integer age;
}
(2)在映射文件中开启二级缓存
(3)在mybatis-config.xml中开启二级缓存
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<settings>
<!--这个配置使全局的映射器(二级缓存)启用或禁用缓存-->
<setting name="cacheEnabled" value="true" />
.....
</settings>
....
</configuration>
(4)
@Test
public void testSecondCache() throws IOException {
//1、mybatis主配置文件
String config = "mybatis-config.xml";
//2、读取配置文件
InputStream in = Resources.getResourceAsStream(config);
//3、创建sqlSessionFactory对象,目的是获取sqlSession
SqlSessionFactory factory =new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//4、获取SqlSession,SqlSession能执行sql语句
SqlSession session = factory.openSession();
//会话过程中第一次发送请求,从数据库中得到结构
//得到结果之后,mybatis自动将这个查询结果放入到当前用户的一级缓存
StudentDao studentMapper = session.getMapper(StudentDao.class);
Student student = studentMapper.selectOne();
System.out.println("第一次查询到的学生="+student);
//触发MyBatis框架从当前一级缓存中的Dept对象保存到二级缓存
session.commit();;
//改成Session.close();效果相同
SqlSession session2 = factory.openSession();
StudentDao studentMapper2 = session2.getMapper(StudentDao.class);
Student student1 = studentMapper2.selectOne();
System.out.println("第二次查询得到学生对象="+student1);
session2.commit();
}
(5)日志查看
Created connection 249034932.
Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.cj.jdbc.ConnectionImpl@ed7f8b4]
==> Preparing: select id,name,email,age from student
==> Parameters:
<== Columns: id, name, email, age
<== Row: 1, 梁佳宝, ljb@163.com, 25
<== Row: 2, 马珂, make@163.com, 26
<== Row: 3, 闫伟强, ywq@163.com, 21
<== Row: 4, 赫于富, hyf@163.com, 22
<== Row: 5, 吉莹, jy@163.com, 23
<== Row: 6, 赵晓东, zxd@163.com, 24
<== Total: 6
Cache Hit Ratio [com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao]: 0.0
As you are using functionality that deserializes object streams, it is recommended to define the JEP-290 serial filter. Please refer to https://docs.oracle.com/pls/topic/lookup?ctx=javase15&id=GUID-8296D8E8-2B93-4B9A-856E-0A65AF9B8C66
Cache Hit Ratio [com.bjpowernode.dao.StudentDao]: 0.3333333333333333
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
Student(id=1, name=梁佳宝, email=ljb@163.com, age=25)
Student(id=2, name=马珂, email=make@163.com, age=26)
Student(id=3, name=闫伟强, email=ywq@163.com, age=21)
Student(id=4, name=赫于富, email=hyf@163.com, age=22)
Student(id=5, name=吉莹, email=jy@163.com, age=23)
Student(id=6, name=赵晓东, email=zxd@163.com, age=24)
二级缓存源码分析
public <E> List<E> query(MappedStatement ms, Object parameterObject, RowBounds rowBounds, ResultHandler resultHandler, CacheKey key, BoundSql boundSql) throws SQLException {
// 有没有配置全局缓存空间, 有没有声明缓存空间
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
if (cache != null) {
//即使查询也会去情况缓存
this.flushCacheIfRequired(ms);
if (ms.isUseCache() && resultHandler == null) {
this.ensureNoOutParams(ms, boundSql);
//通过缓存管理器获取缓存中的值,为什么要传入cache 因为缓存管理器中有很多cache
List<E> list = (List)this.tcm.getObject(cache, key);\
//没有数据,然后查询数据库
if (list == null) {
list = this.delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
//然后再次填充到暂存区
this.tcm.putObject(cache, key, list);
}
return list;
}
}
return this.delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
}
这个清理的话也是清理的暂存区(暂存区)
private void flushCacheIfRequired(MappedStatement ms) {
Cache cache = ms.getCache();
if (cache != null && ms.isFlushCacheRequired()) {
this.tcm.clear(cache);
}
}
//通过缓存管理器获取缓存中的值,为什么要传入cache 因为缓存管理器中有很多cache
List<E> list = (List)this.tcm.getObject(cache, key);
直接从缓存中查找
public Object getObject(Object key) {
Object object = this.delegate.getObject(key);
if (object == null) {
// 防止缓存穿透
this.entriesMissedInCache.add(key);
}
//如果 标记为清除了,即使缓存中有也会返回Null
return this.clearOnCommit ? null : object;
}
如果缓存中没有查找要查询的数据,那么就要到数据库进行查找
list = this.delegate.query(ms, parameterObject, rowBounds, resultHandler, key, boundSql);
然后再次添加到暂存区
this.tcm.putObject(cache, key, list);
当我们进行提交的时候,它会把暂存区的数据进行提交
public void commit() {
this.commit(false);
}