静态路由实验报告

该实验配置了一组路由器网络,使用192.168.1.0/24子网进行IP地址分配,并设置了静态路由以实现全网可达。在R4与R5之间的链路出现故障时,配置了备用100M链路。同时,为防止路由黑洞,对特定子网段配置了NULL0接口。所有路由器还配置了缺省路由以处理未知目的地的流量。
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一、实验拓扑

 

  1. 除了R5的环回地址固定5.5.5.0/24,其他网段基于192.168.1.0/24进行合理划分
  2. R1-R4每个路由器存在两个环回接口,模拟PC,地址也在192.168.1.0/24网络内;
  3. R1-R4不能直接编写到达5.5.5.8/24的静态路由,但依然可以访问;
  4. 全网可达,尽量减少每台路由器路由条目数量,避免环路;
  5. R4与R5间,正常1000m链路通信,故障时自动改为100M;

三、实验步骤

1、配置IP地址及环回地址

R1

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.0 30

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.5 30

[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.33 28

[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.49 28

R2

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.2 30

[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.9 30

[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.65 28

[R2-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.81 28

R3

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.13 30

[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.6 30

[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.97 28

[R3-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.113 28

R4

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.10 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.14 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip address 192.168.1.21 30

[R4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.17 30

[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 192.168.1.129 28

[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 192.168.1.145 28

R5

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.1.22 30

[R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.1.18 30

[R5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.1 24

2、配置静态路由

R1

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.2 

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.2

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.6

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.6

R2

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.10

 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.10

 [R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.10

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.1

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.1

R3

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.5

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.16 30 192.168.1.14

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.20 30 192.168.1.14

R4

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.13

 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.13

 [R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.9

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.13

R5

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.17

 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.17

 [R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.17

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.17

由于R4与R5间,正常1000m链路通信,故障时自动改为100M则:

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.12 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.4 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.0 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

[R5]ip route-static 192.168.1.8 30 192.168.1.21 preference 61

3、配置缺省路由

R1

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.2 

[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.6

R2

[R2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.10

R3

[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.14

R4

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.18 

[R4]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0 192.168.1.22 preference 61

4、防止黑洞

R1

[R1]ip route-static 192.168.1.32 27 NULL 0

R2

[R2]ip route-static 192.168.1.64 27 NULL 0

R3

[R3]ip route-static 192.168.1.96 27 NULL 0

R4

[R4]ip route-static 192.168.1.128 27 NULL 0

四、测试

 将1000M链路断开

 

 

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