show version
show version命令可用于检验和检修启动过程中使用的一些基本硬件和软件组件。验证设备的内存、接口和许可
Router#show version
Cisco IOS Software [Everest], ISR Software (X86_64_LINUX_IOSD-UNIVERSALK9-M), Version 16.6.4,RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3)
Technical Support: http://www.cisco.com/techsupport
Copyright (c) 1986-2018 by Cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Sun 08-Jul-18 04:33 by mcpre
Cisco IOS-XE software, Copyright (c) 2005-2018 by cisco Systems, Inc.
All rights reserved. Certain components of Cisco IOS-XE software are
licensed under the GNU General Public License ("GPL") Version 2.0. The
software code licensed under GPL Version 2.0 is free software that comes
with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. You can redistribute and/or modify such
GPL code under the terms of GPL Version 2.0. For more details, see the
documentation or "License Notice" file accompanying the IOS-XE software,
or the applicable URL provided on the flyer accompanying the IOS-XE
software.
ROM: IOS-XE ROMMON
Router uptime is 14 minutes, 49 seconds
Uptime for this control processor is 14 minutes, 49 seconds
System returned to ROM by power-on
System image file is "bootflash:isr4300-universalk9.16.06.04.SPA.bin"
Last reload reason: PowerOn
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United
States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and
use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply
third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption.
Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for
compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you
agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable
to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately.
A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:
http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html
If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email to
export@cisco.com.
Suite License Information for Module:'esg'
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Suite Suite Current Type Suite Next reboot
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FoundationSuiteK9 None None None
securityk9
appxk9
AdvUCSuiteK9 None None None
uck9
cme - srst
cube
Technology Package License Information:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Technology Technology-package Technology-package
Current Type Next reboot
------------------------------------------------------------------------
appxk9 None None None
uck9 None None None
securityk9 securityk9 Permanent securityk9
ipbase ipbasek9 Permanent ipbasek9
cisco ISR4331/K9 (1RU) processor with 1795999K/6147K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID FLM232010G0
3 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
32768K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4194304K bytes of physical memory.
3207167K bytes of flash memory at bootflash:.
0K bytes of WebUI ODM Files at webui:.
Configuration register is 0x2102
Router#
版本内容详解
-
ISR Software (X86_64_LINUX_IOSD-UNIVERSALK9-M)
:表示这台路由器正在运行UNIVERSALK9镜像,这个镜像能提供所有基本的思科IOS软件功能,包括支持强加密。M代表扩展包(extended maintenance package) -
Version 16.6.4,RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc3)
:表示主版本是16,次版本是6,以及重建版本是4 -
Router uptime is 14 minutes, 49 seconds
:表示机器已经运行了14分钟49秒
System image file is "bootflash:isr4300-universalk9.16.06.04.SPA.bin"
:-
bootflash表示它位于引导闪存中。
-
isr4300-universalk9.16.06.04.SPA.bin表示IOS镜像文件的名称。
-
isr4300是指这个镜像的硬件平台。
-
SPA表示这个镜像文件已经进行了数字签名。
-
bin是指一种文件格式后缀,在这里是一个二进制文件。
-
-
Last reload reason
:这个参数可以用来判断当前路由器最后一次加载原因。(这个信息可以帮助工程师们进行排错,特别在路由器崩溃的时候)
-
PowerOn表示正常开机启动
-
Reload Command表示最后一次加载是因为reload命令来重启路由器
-
-
下面的信息是关于设备的加密功能。
This product contains cryptographic features and is subject to United States and local country laws governing import, export, transfer and use. Delivery of Cisco cryptographic products does not imply third-party authority to import, export, distribute or use encryption. Importers, exporters, distributors and users are responsible for compliance with U.S. and local country laws. By using this product you agree to comply with applicable laws and regulations. If you are unable to comply with U.S. and local laws, return this product immediately. A summary of U.S. laws governing Cisco cryptographic products may be found at:http://www.cisco.com/wwl/export/crypto/tool/stqrg.html If you require further assistance please contact us by sending email toexport@cisco.com.
-
下面是关于设备许可(License)的信息。许可信息分为两种:
-
套件许可证 Suite License
-
技术包许可证 Technology Package
Technology Package License Information: ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Technology Technology-package Technology-package Current Type Next reboot ------------------------------------------------------------------------ appxk9 None None None uck9 None None None securityk9 securityk9 Permanent securityk9 ipbase ipbasek9 Permanent ipbasek9
这里显示该设备拥有ipbasek9软件包和securityk9软件包的永久许可。这是默认的镜像功能集,并且是订购路由器时在功能集中指定的软件包。
Technology
:技术包的名称Technology-package Current
:表示当前技术包的名称Type
:表示技术包的类型,Permanent 表示永久使用,None表示没有使用权。Technology-package Next reboot
:表示下次设备重启后,技术包的使用权限。显示技术包名称表示下次重启还可以使用,None表示下次重启没有使用权限。如果工程师想要升级IOS或者安装新功能,需要三个流程。
-
第一步:购买软件包或功能,并获取产品激活密钥或PAK。
-
第二步:使用PAK来获取许可证以及设备的UDI或唯一设备标识符。
-
第三步:安装许可证。
在购买时可以购买一套许可证,其中包含很多功能。如果这么做,这些信息将会出现在套件许可证下面。
cisco ISR4331/K9 (1RU) processor with 1795999K/6147K bytes of memory. Processor board ID FLM232010G0 3 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces 32768K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 4194304K bytes of physical memory. 3207167K bytes of flash memory at bootflash:. 0K bytes of WebUI ODM Files at webui:. Configuration register is 0x2102
-
-
1795999K/6147K
:表示大约2GB的DRAM被划分为主内存(左侧)和共享内存(右侧)。-
主内存会保留给CPU执行IOS命令,并保存运行配置和路由表等。
-
共享内存用于在路由的网络接口上传输或接收数据时对数据进行缓冲。
当路由器关闭电源时,DRAM的内容会丢失。
-
-
3 Gigabit Ethernet interfaces
:这里我们可以看到设备的物理接口数量和类型。这台路由器有三个千兆以太网接口。 -
32768K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
:这里显示的是设备的NVRAM(非易失性RAM),可以看到有32Mb大小。这表示可电擦除和可重新编程的,用来存储启动配置文件,保存配置文件以及配置寄存器设置。当设备电源关闭时,NVRAM的内容会保留下来。 -
4194304K bytes of physical memory
:这里显示的是设备的物理内存。这是DRAM的总容量,共享内存的DRAM总量。(再次强调,断电时所有内容都会丢失) -
3207167K bytes of flash memory at bootflash:
:这里显示的是设备的闪存,大约有3GB,用来存储思科IOS软件镜像文件和其他系统文件。 -
Configuration register is 0x2102
:显示配置寄存器的设置,用十六进制表示,这是出厂默认设置。这个值表示路由器会从闪存加载IOS镜像,然后在加载存储在NVRAM中的配置文件。
备注
当工程师忘记了设备的密码,无法访问路由器的时候,可以更改默认的引导流程,通过更改配置寄存器设置,这么做配置文件就不会在启动时从NVRAM加载了,这样工程师不需要密码就可以访问特权EXEC模式了。
总结
show version命令为工程师提供了路由器的基本信息,包括IOS版本,路由器启动时长以及路由器内存情况等,这些信息在排错或升级IOS时可以发挥重要的作用。