Mapreduce 大数据计算框架简介&&MapReduce程序例子

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MapReduce编程模型

参考博客

MapReduce处理过程

MapReduce程序框架

在运行hadoop程序的时候，要注意我们的程序要放在hdfs文件系统中，不能是本地文件

hdfs文件系统的根目录为
/hbase

我们以最简单的WordCount程序为例

程序的输入放在/hbase/input文件夹中
输出放在/hbase/output文件夹中

Hadoop MapReduce操作的对象是键值对，为了让这些键值对可以在集群上移动，Hadoop提供了一些实现了WritableComparable接口的基本数据类型，以便使这种数据可以被序列化进行网络传输，文件存储和大小比较

• 值：仅会被简单传递，故需实现Writable或WritableComparable接口
• 键：在Reduce阶段需要进行比较，故只能实现WritableComparable接口

类	描述
BooleanWritable	标准布尔型数值
ByteWritable	单字节数值
DoubleWritable	双字节数
FloatWritable	浮点数
IntWritable	整型数
LongWritable	长整型数
Text	使用UTF8格式存储的文本
NullWritable	当<key,value>中的key或value为空时使用

Mapper过程

package com.lisong.hadoop;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.StringTokenizer;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {
   
	IntWritable one = new IntWritable(1);
	Text word = new Text();
	
	public void map(Object key, Text value, Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException {
   
		StringTokenizer itr = new StringTokenizer(value.toString());
		while(itr.hasMoreTokens()) {
   
			word.set(itr.nextToken());
			context.write(word, one);
		}
	}
}

public class TokenizerMapper extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable>

对于这个类，其模板参数为

• object：输入key的类型
• Text：输入value的类型
• 第二个Text：输出key的类型
• IntWritable：输出value的类型

输入的键值对：

• value为文本文件中的一行
• key为该行的首字母相对文本文件的首地址的偏移量

然后StringTokenizer类将每一行根据空格分割为一个个单词

• Mapper输出：<word,1>的键值对

Reduce过程

package com.lisong.hadoop;

import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {
   
	IntWritable result = new IntWritable();

	public void reduce(Text	key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException,InterruptedException {
   
		int sum = 0;
		for(IntWritable val:values) {
   
			sum += val.get();
		}
		result.set(sum);
		context.write(key,result);
	}
}

public class IntSumReducer extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable>

其中模板参数同Map一样，依次表示是输入键类型，输入值类型，输出键类型，输出值类型

public void reduce(Text	key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context)

reduce方法输入参数为

• key：单个单词
• values：各个Mapper上对应单词的统计次数所构成的列表，一个实现了Iterable接口的变量

所以reduce的工作很简单，就是遍历列表，得到对应单词的总次数

执行作业

package com.lisong.hadoop;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

public class WordCount {
   
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
   
		Configuration conf = new Configuration();
		String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
		if(otherArgs.length != 2) {
   
			System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> <out>");
			System.exit(2);
		}
		
		Job job = new Job(conf, "wordcount");
		job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
		//设置完成Mapper过程的类
		job.setMapperClass(TokenizerMapper.class);
		//设置完成Combine和Reduce过程的类
		job.setCombinerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
		job.setReducerClass(IntSumReducer.class);
		//设置输出的键类型为Text
		job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
		//设置输出的值类型为IntWritable
		job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);
		//设置输入输出路径
		FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[0]));
		FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[1]));
		//调用方法，执行任务
		System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true)?0:1);
	} 
}

WordCount总流程

WordCount

WordCountMapper.java

package com.wcount;
import java.io.IOException;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;

public class WordCountMapper  extends Mapper<LongWritable, Text, NullWritable, LongWritable>{
   
         @Override
         protected  void map(LongWritable key, Text value,
                            Mapper<LongWritable, Text, NullWritable,  LongWritable>.Context context)
                            throws  IOException, InterruptedException  {
   
                   //get  values string
                   String  valueString = value.toString();
                   //分割字符串
                   String  wArr[] = valueString.split("  ");
                   //map  out key/value
                   context.write(NullWritable.get(),  new LongWritable(wArr.length));
         }
}

WordCountReducer.java

package com.wcount;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.LongWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.NullWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;

public class WordCountReducer  extends Reducer<NullWritable, LongWritable, NullWritable, LongWritable> {
   
         @Override
         protected  void reduce(NullWritable key, Iterable<LongWritable> v2s,
                            Reducer<NullWritable, LongWritable, NullWritable, LongWritable>.Context  context)
                            throws  IOException, InterruptedException  {
   
                   Iterator<LongWritable