设计模式之单例模式

例模式可以保证系统中只有一个类只有一个实例,并提供一个访问它的全局访问点,该实例被所有程序模块共享。

单例模式的要点有三个：

1. 单例类只能有一个实例

2. 它必须自行创建这个实例

3. 它必须自行向整个系统提供提供这个实例。

单线程的工厂模式：

饿汉模式

singleton.h

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_

#include <cstdio>

class Singleton
{
public:
	static Singleton* getInstance();
	int getValue();
	void setValue(int new_value);
	virtual ~Singleton();
private:
	Singleton();
	Singleton(const Singleton&);
	Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);
	
	int int_a;
	
	static Singleton* instance;
	
	/*This class is only used for garbage collection*/
	class Garbo
	{
	public:
		~Garbo()
		{
			if(Singleton::instance!=nullptr)
			{
				printf("%s\n",__func__);
				delete Singleton::instance;
				Singleton::instance=nullptr;
			}
		}
	};
	
	static Garbo _garbo;
};

#endif

singleton.cpp

#include "singleton.h"
#include <cstdio>

Singleton* Singleton::instance=new Singleton();
Singleton::Garbo Singleton::_garbo;

Singleton::Singleton()
{
	printf("Constructor...\n");
	int_a=0x55;
}

Singleton::Singleton(const Singleton&)
{
}

Singleton& Singleton::operator=(const Singleton&)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton()
{
	printf("%s...\n",__func__);
}

Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
	return instance;
}

int Singleton::getValue()
{
	return int_a;
}

void Singleton::setValue(int new_value)
{
	int_a=new_value;
}

main.cpp

#include <cstdio>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "singleton.h"

void* thread_func(void* arg);

int main()
{
	printf("main begin...\n");
	pthread_t a_thread;
	Singleton* sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
	int val=sgltn->getValue();
	printf("val=0x%X\n",val);
	sgltn->setValue(0x33);
	val=sgltn->getValue();
	printf("val=0x%X\n",val);
	pthread_create(&a_thread,nullptr,thread_func,nullptr);
	printf("enter while...\n");
	while(true)
	{
		sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
		val=sgltn->getValue();
		printf("%s,val=0x%X\n",__func__,val);
	}
	return 0;
}

void* thread_func(void* arg)
{
	printf("thread_func start...\n");
	Singleton* sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
	int val=sgltn->getValue();
	while(true)
	{
		sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
		val=sgltn->getValue();
		printf("%s,val=0x%X\n",__func__,val);
	}
}

 

多线程的工厂模式：

懒汉模式，双重锁定

singleton.h

#ifndef _SINGLETON_H_
#define _SINGLETON_H_

#include <pthread.h>
#include <cstdio>

class Singleton
{
public:
	static Singleton* getInstance();
	int getValue();
	void setValue(int new_value);
	virtual ~Singleton();
private:
	Singleton();
	Singleton(const Singleton&);
	Singleton& operator=(const Singleton&);
	
	int int_a;
	
	static Singleton* instance;
	static pthread_mutex_t sgltn_mutex;
	
	/*This class is only used for garbage collection*/
	class Garbo
	{
	public:
		~Garbo()
		{
			if(Singleton::instance!=nullptr)
			{
				printf("%s\n",__func__);
				delete Singleton::instance;
				Singleton::instance=nullptr;
			}
		}
	};
	
	static Garbo _garbo;
};

#endif

singleton.cpp

#include "singleton2.h"
#include <cstdio>

Singleton* Singleton::instance=nullptr;
pthread_mutex_t Singleton::sgltn_mutex;
Singleton::Garbo Singleton::_garbo;

Singleton::Singleton()
{
	pthread_mutex_init(&(Singleton::sgltn_mutex),nullptr);
	printf("Constructor...\n");
	int_a=0x55;
}

Singleton::Singleton(const Singleton&)
{
}

Singleton& Singleton::operator=(const Singleton&)
{
}

Singleton::~Singleton()
{
	pthread_mutex_destroy(&(Singleton::sgltn_mutex));
	printf("%s...\n",__func__);
}

Singleton* Singleton::getInstance()
{
	if(Singleton::instance==nullptr)
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&(Singleton::sgltn_mutex));
		if(Singleton::instance==nullptr)
		{
			Singleton::instance=new Singleton();
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&(Singleton::sgltn_mutex));
			return Singleton::instance;
		}
		else
		{
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&(Singleton::sgltn_mutex));
			return Singleton::instance;
		}
	}
	else
	{
		return Singleton::instance;
	}
}

int Singleton::getValue()
{
	return int_a;
}

void Singleton::setValue(int new_value)
{
	int_a=new_value;
}

main.cpp

#include <cstdio>
#include <pthread.h>
#include "singleton2.h"

void* thread_func(void* arg);

int main()
{
	printf("main begin...\n");
	pthread_t a_thread;
	Singleton* sgltn=nullptr;
	int val=0;
	pthread_create(&a_thread,nullptr,thread_func,nullptr);
	printf("enter while...\n");
	while(true)
	{
		sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
		val=sgltn->getValue();
		printf("%s,val=0x%X\n",__func__,val);
	}
	return 0;
}

void* thread_func(void* arg)
{
	printf("thread_func start...\n");
	Singleton* sgltn=nullptr;
	int val=0;
	while(true)
	{
		sgltn=Singleton::getInstance();
		val=sgltn->getValue();
		printf("%s,val=0x%X\n",__func__,val);
	}
}