Solidity 以太坊智能合约标准-ERC20（2023版）

ERC20标准接口

interface IERC20 {
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256);
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);
}

可以看到ERC20由5个function函数和2个event构成；

构成解析：

• totalSupply()： token的总量，总发行量
• balanceOf() ：某个账户地址上的余额
• transfer() ： 发送token，转账
• allowance() ：额度、配额、津贴，owner授权给spender余额
• approve() ： 批准给某个地址一定数量的token(授予额度、授予津贴)
• transferFrom()： 提取approve授予的token(提取额度、提取津贴)，针对授权进行转账
• Transfer() ： token转移事件，转账
• Approval() ：额度批准事件，授权

下面我们来举个例子，首先是接口代码：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

interface IERC20 {
    function name() external view returns (string memory);
    function symbol() external view returns(string memory);
    function decimals() external view returns(uint8);
    function totalSupply() external view returns (uint256);
    function balanceOf(address account) external view returns (uint256);
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function allowance(address owner, address spender) external view returns (uint256 remaining);
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount) external returns (bool);

    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);
    event Approval(address indexed owner, address indexed spender, uint256 value);

}

这里的name(),symbol(),decimals()(精度)都是可选项而不是必选项；

我们需要将这些函数正之后的继承中全部实现；

合约示例代码：

// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0

pragma solidity ^0.8.7;

import "./IERC20.sol";

contract ERC20 is IERC20{
    string ercName; 
    string ercSymbol;
    uint8 ercDecimal;
    uint256 ercTotalSupply;
    mapping(address=>uint256) ercBalances;     //自定义账本；
    mapping(address=>mapping(address=>uint256))ercAllowance;    //授权转账额度；

    address public owner;

    constructor(string memory _name,string memory _sym,uint8 _decimals){
        ercName = _name;
        ercSymbol = _sym;
        ercDecimal = _decimals;
        owner = msg.sender;
//        ercTotalSupply=21000000;
//        ercBalances[owner]=ercTotalSupply;

    }

    function mint(address _to,uint256 _value)public{       //挖矿或者空投；
        require(msg.sender==owner);
        require(address(0)!=_to);
        require(_value>0);

        ercBalances[_to]+=_value;
        ercTotalSupply += _value;

        emit Transfer(address(0), _to, _value);

    }                                

    function name() override external view returns (string memory){
        return ercName;

    }
    function symbol() override external view returns(string memory){
        return ercSymbol;

    }
    function decimals() override external view returns(uint8){        //精度
        return ercDecimal;
    }
    function totalSupply() override external view returns (uint256){
        return ercTotalSupply;

    }
    function balanceOf(address account) override external view returns (uint256){
        return ercBalances[account];

    }
    function transfer(address recipient, uint256 amount) override external returns (bool){
        require(amount>0,"amount must >0");
        require(address(0)!=recipient,"recipient address is zero");
        require(ercBalances[msg.sender]>=amount,"user' balance not enough");

        ercBalances[msg.sender]-=amount;
        ercBalances[recipient]+=amount;

        emit Transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
        return true;

    }
    function allowance(address owner, address spender)override external view returns (uint256 remaining){
        remaining = ercAllowance[owner][spender];

    }
    function approve(address spender, uint256 amount) external returns (bool){
        //委托人->被委托人->value
        require(amount>0,"amount must >0");
        require(spender!=address(0),"spender is a zero address");
        require(ercBalances[msg.sender]>=amount,"user's balance not enough");

        ercAllowance[msg.sender][spender]=amount;
        emit Approval(msg.sender, spender, amount);
        return true;

    }
    function transferFrom(address sender, address recipient, uint256 amount)override external returns (bool){
        require(ercBalances[sender]>=amount);
        require(ercAllowance[sender][msg.sender]>=amount);
        require(amount>0);
        require(address(0)!=recipient);
        ercBalances[sender]-=amount;
        ercBalances[recipient]+=amount;
        ercAllowance[sender][msg.sender]-=amount;

        emit Transfer(msg.sender, recipient, amount);
        return true;

    }
}

注意事项：

• 只要是涉及到token的转移，都需要使用emit激活事件；
• approve函数涉及到mapping的二次映射需要注意；
• allowance()主要是查看owner授权给spender的额度；
• 如果没有经过owner的授权，spender无法进行transferFrom()转账；
• 该例子还涉及到了空投（挖矿）函数，由该函数来决定token的发行量，token最初的地址来源于黑洞地址；