使用Runnable实现数据共享

使用Runnable实现数据共享

先上代码：

public class TestThread {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TestThread.class);

    private final class MyRunnable implements Runnable {
        private int i;
        public MyRunnable() {
            this.i = 10;
        }
        public void run() {
            while(i > 0) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (i > 0) {
                        i--;
                        logger.debug("{} buy one ticket, {} left. ", Thread.currentThread().getName(), i);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testRunable() throws  InterruptedException{
        MyRunnable myRunnable = new MyRunnable();
        Thread th1 = new Thread(myRunnable);
        Thread th2 = new Thread(myRunnable);
        th1.start();
        th2.start();
        th1.join();
        th2.join();
    }
}

楼上的代码很简单，模拟一个售票系统。通过两个Thread对象开启两条线程同时运行一个MyRunnable实例。
几个注意点：
1. 没有加上synchronised关键词的话，即

public void run() {
            while(i > 0) {
                if (i > 0) {
                    i--;
                    logger.debug("{} buy one ticket, {} left. ", Thread.currentThread().getName(), i);
                }
            }
        }

系统的运行结果：

Thread-1 buy one ticket, 8 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 8 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 6 left. 
Thread-1 buy one ticket, 6 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 5 left. 
Thread-1 buy one ticket, 4 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 3 left. 
Thread-1 buy one ticket, 2 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 1 left. 
Thread-1 buy one ticket, 0 left. 

可以看到，缺少同步的程序输出明显有问题。
2. 在进入同步代码块之后，还需要对i的值再进行一次判断，即，如果不加if判断：

public void run() {
            while(i > 0) {
                synchronized (this) {
                    i--;
                    logger.debug("{} buy one ticket, {} left. ", Thread.currentThread().getName(), i);

                }
            }
        }

程序的运行结果为：

Thread-2 buy one ticket, 9 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 8 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 7 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 6 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 5 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 4 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 3 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 2 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 1 left. 
Thread-2 buy one ticket, 0 left. 
Thread-1 buy one ticket, -1 left. 

可以看出，出现了“多卖”的现象， 所以需要在进入同步代码块中再进行一次if判断。

总结
synchronised用于互斥访问共享变量， 并在同步代码块中使用if判断更新共享变量。