Spring4 MVC入门教程
本教程是基于以下工具写的:
- MyEclipse 10
- Spring 4.0.3.RELEASE
2- 预览应用程序执行流程
Spring MVC DispatcherServlet
读取 xml 配置文件的原则:
- {servlet-name} ==> /WEB-INF/{servlet-name}-servlet.xml
如果你不想用 SpringMVC 的使用原则,可以重新配置 SpringMVC DispatcherServlet 在 web.xml 文件中:
<servlet> <servlet-name>my-dispatcher-name</servlet-name> <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> <init-param> <!-- override default name {servlet-name}-servlet.xml --> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/springmvc-myconfig.xml</param-value> </init-param> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet>
应用程序的流程:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/16d9c29efe0afbaf507b341084c331a5.png)
3 - 创建Maven工程
创建Maven项目类型。 Maven是帮助我们管理库的最好方式。
在 Eclipse, 选择 "File/New/Other..."
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/6bf811bdfe3554229452566703a9b755.png)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e2aa888cdf3abb0dbf6396eb319c2094.png)
选择 archetype "maven-archetype-webapp"。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/151980241624b54d46ee82c6221d7a7e.png)
输入:
- Group Id: com.yiibai
- Artifact Id: HelloSpringMVC
- Package: com.yiibai.springmvc
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/34e87ab84b89353b320ff2db69936cd2.png)
这样将创建项目,结构如下图所示:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/677a63d2df7a743027bf3981f6fbb192.png)
不要担心项目在创建的时候出现错误信息。原因是,现在我们还没有声明 Servlet 库。
在 Eclipse 中创建 Maven 项目结构可能是错误的。需要我们去检查出来并完善。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/b14a7ecc4b0294449d203057a465d45f.png)
4- 配置Spring
这是项目建成后的文件结构图:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/ea7a9c5646bc168bf59a07debf1d2a16.png)
配置 Maven 使用 Spring 库.
- pom.xml
<projectxmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.yiibai</groupId> <artifactId>HelloSpringMVC</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>HelloSpringMVC Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- Servlet Library --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/javax.servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Spring dependencies --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-web --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-webmvc --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>4.1.4.RELEASE</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>HelloSpringMVC</finalName> <plugins> <!-- Config: Maven Tomcat Plugin --> <!-- http://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat.maven/tomcat7-maven-plugin --> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2</version> <!-- Config: contextPath and Port (Default - /HelloSpringMVC : 8080) --> <!-- <configuration> <path>/</path> <port>8899</port> </configuration> --> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
配置
web.xml:
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaeehttp://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0"> <display-name>HelloWorldSpring</display-name> <servlet> <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name> <servlet-class> org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet </servlet-class> <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <!-- Other XML Configuration --> <!-- Load by Spring ContextLoaderListener --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>/WEB-INF/root-context.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- Spring ContextLoaderListener --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> </web-app>
- {servlet-name} ==> /WEB-INF/{servlet-name}-servlet.xml
- spring-mvc-servlet.xml
<?xml version="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.1.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.yiibai.tutorial.springmvc"/> <context:annotation-config/> <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> <property name="prefix"> <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> </property> <property name="suffix"> <value>.jsp</value> </property> </bean> </beans>
在Spring应用程序 ContextLoaderListener 将读取其他 XML 配置文件(如下的 abc.xml 和 root-context.xml 两个文件)。 可能不需要配置 ContextLoaderListener,如果你的应用程序并不需要读取其他XML配置文件。
<!-- web.xml --> <!-- Spring ContextLoaderListener --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <!-- Load by Spring ContextLoaderListener --> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value> /WEB-INF/root-context.xml, /WEB-INF/abc.xml </param-value> </context-param>
- /WEB-INF/root-context.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd"> <!-- Empty --> </beans>
- HelloWorldController.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class HelloWorldController {
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public String hello(Model model) {
model.addAttribute("greeting", "Hello Spring MVC");
return"helloworld";
}
}
- helloworld.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Spring4 MVC -HelloWorld</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>${greeting}</h1>
</body>
</html>
5- 运行Spring应用程序
首先,运行应用程序之前,需要构建整个项目。
右键单击该项目并选择:
- Run As/Maven install
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/633bed7af5933c42d0345200f822c9e9.png)
运行配置:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/633bed7af5933c42d0345200f822c9e9.png)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/691c1dd6279f14aebe03c61516420e11.png)
运行配置:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/bb5e0e05cf435e8c7b0caab474577f85.png)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/c4b7f18ae8533209ae9154fd1d49ae3d.png)
输入:
- Name: Run HelloSpringMVC
- Base directory: ${workspace_loc:/HelloSpringMVC} =>${workspace_loc:/HelloSpringMVC Maven Webapp}
- Goals: tomcat7:run
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/e134dae10f622b15c8131a253f9c08cd.png)
点击Run:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/11e6ff0d40ad82c09854bc623226ffca.png)
第一次运行该程序将需要几分钟(看你的网速),它需要下载 Tomcat 插件库才能运行。
一切准备就绪:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/5a11aa982523d4846d4138b47578b446.png)
运行URL,如下图:
6 - 应用程序的流程
完成您的项目后,并成功地在上一步中运行。现在,我们来看一看程序的运行方式。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/16d9c29efe0afbaf507b341084c331a5.png)
7- 控制器和方法
7.1- HttpServletRequest & HttpServletResponse
可以使用 HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse 在控制器的方法中。
- OtherExampleController.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Controller
public class OtherExampleController {
......
@RequestMapping("/somePath")
public String requestResponseExample(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse reponses, Model model) {
// Todo something here
return "someView";
}
......
}
7.2- 控制器中的重定向
使用前缀 "redirect:" ,该方法返回字符串,可以重定向到另一页面。参见图:
- RedirectExampleController.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
@Controller
public class RedirectExampleController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/redirect", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String authorInfo(Model model) {
// Do somethong here
return "redirect:/hello";
}
}
运行URL:
7.3- @RequestParam示例
使用@RequestParam 注解将请求参数绑定到你的控制器方法参数。
下面的代码片段显示了这个用法:
- RequestParamExampleController.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@Controller
public class RequestParamExampleController {
@RequestMapping("/user")
public String userInfo(Model model,
@RequestParam(value = "name", defaultValue = "Guest") String name) {
model.addAttribute("name", name);
if("admin".equals(name)) {
model.addAttribute("email", "admin@yiibai.com");
} else{
model.addAttribute("email", "Not set");
}
return "userInfo";
}
}
- /WEB-INF/pages/userInfo.jsp
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>User Info</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>${name}</h2>
Email: ${email}
<br>
</body>
</html>
运行 URL:
7.4- @PathVariable示例
在Spring MVC中,可以使用@PathVariable注释将一个方法参数绑定到一个URI模板变量的值:
例如,这是一个模板的URI:
- /web/fe/{sitePrefix}/{language}/document/{id}/{naturalText}
而下面的 URI 模板匹配上面:
- /web/fe/default/en/document/8108/spring-mvc-for-beginners
- /web/fe/default/vi/document/8108/spring-mvc-cho-nguoi-moi-bat-dau
- .....
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/1beb06379591084d0e02dba3b2eaa02d.png)
下面的代码片段显示了用法:
- PathVariableExampleController.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class PathVariableExampleController {
/**
* @PathVariable Example:
*
*/
@RequestMapping("/web/fe/{sitePrefix}/{language}/document/{id}/{naturalText}")
public String documentView(Model model,
@PathVariable(value = "sitePrefix") String sitePrefix,
@PathVariable(value = "language") String language,
@PathVariable(value = "id") Long id,
@PathVariable(value = "naturalText") String naturalText) {
model.addAttribute("sitePrefix", sitePrefix);
model.addAttribute("language", language);
model.addAttribute("id", id);
model.addAttribute("naturalText", naturalText);
String documentName = "Java tutorial for Beginners";
if(id == 8108) {
documentName = "Spring MVC for Beginners";
}
model.addAttribute("documentName", documentName);
return "documentView";
}
}
- /WEB-INF/pages/documentView.jsp
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<title>${documentName}</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>${documentName}</h3>
Site Prefix: ${sitePrefix}
<br> Language: ${language}
<br> ID: ${id}
<br> Natural Text: ${naturalText}
<br>
</body>
</html>
运行 URL:
7.5- @ResponseBody示例
如果您使用 @ResponseBody 注释到方法, spring 将尝试转换它的返回值,并自动写入到HTTP响应。在这种情况下,并不需要一个特定的视图。
注:方法不一定需要返回字符串类型。
使用@ResponseBody和方法返回字符串的简单例子。
- ResponseBodyExample1Controller.java
package com.yiibai.springmvc;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
@Controller
public class ResponseBodyExample1Controller {
// Simple example, method returns String.
@RequestMapping(value = "/saveResult")
@ResponseBody
publicString authorInfo(Model model) {
return "saved";
}
}
运行示例的结果:
使用@ResponseBody 的一个例子,方法返回一个对象。
代码下载:
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1mgYKoA0