Golang编程模式

Golang编程模式

Slice

type slice struct {
   
    array unsafe.Pointer //指向存放数据的数组指针
    len   int            //长度有多大
    cap   int            //容量有多大
}

一个空的Slice

Q： 数组指针的问题？

slice的基本操作

foo = make([]int, 5)
foo[3] = 42
foo[4] = 100

bar  := foo[1:4]
bar[1] = 99

理解示意图：

A：数据会发生共享

appand操作

a := make([]int, 32)
b := a[1:16]
a = append(a, 1)
a[2] = 42

示意图：

Q: append可能存在的问题
A: 数据被覆盖

func main() {
   
    path := []byte("AAAA/BBBBBBBBB")
    sepIndex := bytes.IndexByte(path,'/')

    dir1 := path[:sepIndex]
    dir2 := path[sepIndex+1:]

    fmt.Println("dir1 =>",string(dir1)) //prints: dir1 => AAAA
    fmt.Println("dir2 =>",string(dir2)) //prints: dir2 => BBBBBBBBB

    dir1 = append(dir1,"suffix"...)

    fmt.Println("dir1 =>",string(dir1)) //prints: dir1 => AAAAsuffix
    fmt.Println("dir2 =>",string(dir2)) //prints: dir2 => uffixBBBB
}

示意图

解决办法：

// 使用了 Full Slice Expression，最后一个参数叫“Limited Capacity”，于是，后续的 append() 操作会导致重新分配内存。
dir1 := path[:sepIndex:sepIndex]

接口编程

type Country struct {
   
    Name string
}

type City struct {
   
    Name string
}

type Printable interface {
   
    PrintStr()
}
func (c Country) PrintStr() {
   
    fmt.Println(c.Name)
}
func (c City) PrintStr() {
   
    fmt.Println(c.Name)
}

c1 := Country {
   "China"}
c2 := City {
   "Beijing"}
c1.PrintStr()
c2.PrintStr()

结构体嵌入：

type WithName struct {
   
    Name string
}

type Country struct {
   
    WithName
}

type City struct {
   
    WithName
}

type Printable interface {
   
    PrintStr()
}

func (w WithName) PrintStr() {
   
    fmt.Println(w.Name)
}

c1 := Country {
   WithName{
    "China"}}
c2 := City {
    WithName{
   "Beijing"}}
c1.PrintStr()
c2.PrintStr()

比较好的做法

type Country struct {
   
    Name string
}

type City struct {
   
    Name string
}

type Stringable interface {
   
    ToString() string
}
func (c Country) ToString() string {
   
    return "Country = " + c.Name
}
func (c City) ToString() string{
   
    return "City = " + c.Name
}

func PrintStr(p Stringable) {
   
    fmt.Println(p.ToString())
}

d1 := Country {
   "USA"}
d2 := City{
   "Los Angeles"}
PrintStr(d1)
PrintStr(d2)

接口完整性检查

var _ Stringable = (*Country)(nil)

Functional Options

配置选项问题

type Server struct {
    Addr     string
    Port     int
    Protocol string
    Timeout  time.Duration
    MaxConns int
    TLS      *tls.Config
}

方案一：配置对象方案

type Config struct {
   
    Protocol string
    Timeout  time.Duration
    Maxconns int
    TLS      *tls.Config
}

type Server struct {
   
    Addr string
    Port int
    Conf *Config
}

方案二：Builder 模式

User user = new User.Builder()
  .name("Hao Chen")
  .email("[email protected]")
  .nickname("左耳朵")
  .build();

golang版

//使用一个builder类来做包装
type ServerBuilder struct {
   
  Server
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) Create(addr string, port int) *ServerBuilder {
   
  sb.Server.Addr = addr
  sb.Server.Port = port
  //其它代码设置其它成员的默认值
  return sb
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) WithProtocol(protocol string) *ServerBuilder {
   
  sb.Server.Protocol = protocol 
  return sb
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) WithMaxConn( maxconn int) *ServerBuilder {
   
  sb.Server.MaxConns = maxconn
  return sb
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) WithTimeOut( timeout time.Duration) *ServerBuilder {
   
  sb.Server.Timeout = timeout
  return sb
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) WithTLS( tls *tls.Config) *ServerBuilder {
   
  sb.Server.TLS = tls
  return sb
}

func (sb *ServerBuilder) Build() (Server) {
   
  return  sb.Server
}

Functional Options（高阶函数）

type Option func(*Server)

func Protocol(p string) Option {
   
    return func(s *Server) {
   
        s.Protocol = p
    }
}
func Timeout(timeout time.Duration) Option {
   
    return func(s *Server) {
   
        s.Timeout = timeout
    }
}
func MaxConns(maxconns int) Option {
   
    return func(s *Server) {
   
        s.MaxConns = maxconns
    }
}
func TLS(tls *tls.Config) Option {
   
    return func(s *Server) {
   
        s.TLS = tls
    }
}

// 初始化

func NewServer(addr string, port int, options ...func(*Server)) (*Server, error) {
   

  srv := Server{
   
    Addr:     addr,
    Port:     port,
    Protocol: "tcp",
    Timeout:  30 * time.Second,
    MaxConns: 1000,
    TLS:      nil,
  }
  for _