Android的重要控件ListView的诸多问题处理方案

知识概要

ListView是android中常用控件之一，当ListView和CheckBox、Button等控件一起用时，会出现很多问题，如ListView条目不可选，ListView内存溢出、全选与反选等。
1、

内容

利用ListView创建一个菜单

创建一个Fruit类

public class Fruit {
    private String name;
    private int img;

    public Fruit(String name, int img) {
        this.name = name;
        this.img = img;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getImg() {
        return img;
    }

    public void setImg(int img) {
        this.img = img;
    }

}

再创建一个MyFruitAdapter

public class MyFruitAdapter extends BaseAdapter{
    private List<Fruit> mData;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    //用一个数组存储所有checkBox的状态，被选中为true，否则为false
    private boolean[] mManagerAllCheckedBox;

    public MyFruitAdapter(List<Fruit> mData, LayoutInflater mInflater) {
        this.mData = mData;
        this.mInflater = mInflater;
        mManagerAllCheckedBox = new boolean[mData.size()];
    }

    /**
     * 用于
     * @param 被选中的CheckBox
     */
    public void setItemState(int position){
        mManagerAllCheckedBox[position]=!mManagerAllCheckedBox[position];
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    public void itemCheckedAll(){
        for (int i = 0; i < mData.size(); i++) {
            mManagerAllCheckedBox[i]=true;
        }
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    public void itemCheckedFan(){
        for (int i = 0; i < mData.size(); i++) {
            mManagerAllCheckedBox[i]=!mManagerAllCheckedBox[i];
        }
        notifyDataSetChanged();
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return mData.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Object getItem(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public long getItemId(int position) {
        return position;
    }

    @Override
    public View getView(final int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        ViewHolder vh = null;
        if(convertView==null){
            convertView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.fruit_list_item,null);
            vh = new ViewHolder();
            vh.checkBox = (CheckBox)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_fruit_checkbox);
            vh.imageView = (ImageView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_fruit_imageview);
            vh.textView = (TextView)convertView.findViewById(R.id.item_fruit_textview);
            //将vh作为标签存放到convert中
            convertView.setTag(vh);
        }else{
            //convertView不为空时不用重新findViewById，直接调用存放好的vh，提升了效率
            vh = (ViewHolder)convertView.getTag();
        }
        Fruit fruit = mData.get(position);
        vh.imageView.setImageResource(fruit.getImg());
        vh.textView.setText(fruit.getName());
        vh.checkBox.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                mManagerAllCheckedBox[position]=isChecked;
                notifyDataSetChanged();//刷新数据
                Log.d("checkBox",position+"状态："+isChecked);
            }
        });
        vh.checkBox.setChecked(mManagerAllCheckedBox[position]);
        return convertView;
    }

    private class ViewHolder{
        CheckBox checkBox;
        ImageView imageView;
        TextView textView;
    }
}

最后创建一个MyFruitActivity

public class MyFruitActivity extends Activity {
    private List<Fruit> mData;
    private LayoutInflater mInflater;
    private ListView fruitListView;
    private MyFruitAdapter myFruitAdapter;

    private Button mHeaderBtn;
    private View mHeaderView;
    private Button mFooterBtn;
    private View mFooterView;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_my_fruit);

        fruitListView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.fruit_list_view);
        mInflater = this.getLayoutInflater();
        initData();
        myFruitAdapter = new MyFruitAdapter(mData,mInflater);
        //分别为首尾条目加载布局文件
        mHeaderView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_header_layout,null);
        mFooterView = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.listview_footer_layout,null);
        //listview调用其增加首尾条目的方法加载首尾条目项
        fruitListView.addHeaderView(mHeaderView);
        fruitListView.addFooterView(mFooterView);

        mHeaderBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.header_button);
        mFooterBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.footer_button);
        //分别为首尾按钮设置监听，它们的功能分别是全选和反选
        mHeaderBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                myFruitAdapter.itemCheckedAll();
            }
        });
        mFooterBtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                myFruitAdapter.itemCheckedFan();
            }
        });

        fruitListView.setAdapter(myFruitAdapter);
        //给listView设置点击事件，每当一个view被选中时，其对应的checkBox就会被选中
        fruitListView.setOnItemClickListener(new AdapterView.OnItemClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
                //position减1的原因是，header条目被加在了所有ListView的条目里
                myFruitAdapter.setItemState(position-1);
            }
        });
    }
    //初始化要加载到listview中的数据
    private void initData() {
        mData = new ArrayList<>();
        Fruit apple = new Fruit("apple",R.mipmap.image);
        Fruit pineapple = new Fruit("pineapple",R.mipmap.pk);
        Fruit pear = new Fruit("pear",R.mipmap.a_logo1);
        for(int i=0;i<4;i++){
            mData.add(apple);
            mData.add(pineapple);
            mData.add(pear);
        }
    }
}

fruit_list_item作为每个条目的布局
其中focusable用于防止CheckBox的父控件的点击事件被CheckBox吸收

<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:orientation="horizontal"
              android:layout_margin="15dp"
              android:gravity="center_vertical"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="match_parent">

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/item_fruit_checkbox"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:focusable="false"
        android:text="选择水果："/>
    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/item_fruit_imageview"
        android:layout_width="100dp"
        android:layout_height="100dp"/>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/item_fruit_textview"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"/>

</LinearLayout>

布局文件

<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
                xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="match_parent"
                android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
                android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
                android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
                android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
                tools:context="com.example.administrator.mywidget.MyFruitActivity">

    <ListView
        android:id="@+id/fruit_list_view"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </ListView>

</RelativeLayout>

建立一个listview_header_layout作为listview的首个条目布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:orientation="vertical"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/header_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="全选"/>

</LinearLayout>

建立以listview的尾部条目布局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
              android:orientation="vertical"
              android:layout_width="match_parent"
              android:layout_height="match_parent">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/footer_button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="反选"/>
</LinearLayout>

运行结果：