Java GUI Swing相关知识学习

Swing

窗体JFrame

实际上他就是对Frame进行了继承

public class JFrameTest {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JFrameTest().init();  
    }  
  
    public void init(){  
        JFrame jframe = new JFrame("测试一下JFrame");  
        jframe.setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
  
        //JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("hello,world!");  
        //想让标签居中，采取以下方式  
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("hello,world!",SwingConstants.CENTER);  
        //或者这种方式，设置水平对齐  
        //jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);  
  
        //添加label到窗口中  
        jframe.add(jLabel);  
  
        //此种方法设置背景颜色无效  
        //jframe.setBackground(Color.cyan);  
  
        //设置背景颜色需要先获取容器  
  
        Container content = jframe.getContentPane();  
        content.setBackground(Color.cyan);  
  
        jframe.setVisible(true);  
        jframe.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }  
}

弹窗JDialog

public class JDialogTest extends JFrame {  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JDialogTest();  
    }  
  
    public JDialogTest(){  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setSize(700,500);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        container.setLayout(null);  
  
        JButton button = new JButton("点击会出现弹窗");  
        button.setBounds(20,20,100,50);  
  
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {  
            @Override  
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {  
                new MyDialog();  
            }  
        });  
  
        container.add(button);  
  
    }  
}  
class MyDialog extends JDialog{  
    public MyDialog() {  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setBounds(100,100,200,200);  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        container.add(new JLabel("你成功打开了弹窗",SwingConstants.CENTER));  
    }  
}

标签Icon、ImageIcon

标签

public class IconTest extends JFrame implements Icon {  
  
    private int width;  
    private int height;  
  
    public IconTest(){  
  
    }  
  
    public IconTest(int width,int height){  
        this.height = height;  
        this.width = width;  
    }  
  
    public void init(){  
        setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
        IconTest icon = new IconTest(50, 50);  
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("这是一个图标",icon,SwingConstants.CENTER);  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        container.add(jLabel);  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new IconTest().init();  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {  
        //g.fillOval(x,y,this.width,this.height);  
        g.fillRect(x,y,this.width,this.height);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int getIconWidth() {  
        return this.width;  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int getIconHeight() {  
        return this.height;  
    }  
}

图片标签

public class ImageIconTest extends JFrame {  
  
    public ImageIconTest(){  
        JLabel label = new JLabel("这是图片标签");  
        URL url = ImageIconTest.class.getResource("icon1.jpg");
        //图片位置要放到对应的out文件夹下否则会找不到  
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(url);  
        label.setIcon(icon);  
        label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);  
  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        container.add(label);  
  
        setVisible(true);  
        setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new ImageIconTest();  
    }  
}

图片需要放到对应的out文件夹下，否则会找不到

报以下错误

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
	at javax.swing.ImageIcon.<init>(ImageIcon.java:217)
	at com.nightfall.Lesson_4.ImageIconTest.<init>(ImageIconTest.java:12)
	at com.nightfall.Lesson_4.ImageIconTest.main(ImageIconTest.java:25)

运行结果

面板、文本域JScroll

• 面板

public class JPanelTest extends JFrame {  
  
    public JPanelTest(){  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后两个参数设置水平垂直间距  
        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel();  
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel();  
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel();  
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel();  
  
        panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(1,2));  
        panel2.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));  
        panel3.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,2));  
        panel4.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));  
  
        panel1.add(new Button("1"));  
        panel1.add(new Button("1"));  
        panel2.add(new Button("2"));  
        panel2.add(new Button("2"));  
        panel3.add(new Button("3"));  
        panel3.add(new Button("3"));  
        panel3.add(new Button("3"));  
        panel3.add(new Button("3"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
        panel4.add(new Button("4"));  
  
        container.add(panel1);  
        container.add(panel2);  
        container.add(panel3);  
        container.add(panel4);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setBounds(400,400,500,500);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JPanelTest();  
    }  
}

运行效果

• 文本域JScroll

public class JScrollTest extends JFrame {  
    public JScrollTest(){  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);  
        textArea.setText("你好，这里在测试JScroll的效果");  
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);  
  
        container.add(scrollPane);  
  
  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,200);  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JScrollTest();  
    }  
}

运行结果

图片按钮、单选按钮、多选按钮

普通按钮

代码

public class JButtonTest extends JFrame {  
    public JButtonTest(){  
        this.setTitle("测试图片按钮");  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
        this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        URL resource = JButtonTest.class.getResource("icon1.jpg");  
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);  
        JButton button = new JButton();  
        button.setIcon(icon);  
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");  
        button.setBounds(10,10,100,50);  
        container.add(button);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JButtonTest();  
    }  
}

运行结果

单选按钮

代码

public class JButtonTest_2 extends JFrame {  
    public JButtonTest_2(){  
        this.setTitle("测试单选按钮");  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
        this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
        URL resource = JButtonTest.class.getResource("icon1.jpg");  
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);  
  
        JRadioButton jRadioButton_1 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton_1");  
        JRadioButton jRadioButton_2 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton_2");  
        JRadioButton jRadioButton_3 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton_3");  
  
        //由于单选框只能选择一个，一般将他们放到一个组中，一个组中只能选一个  
        ButtonGroup group = new ButtonGroup();  
        group.add(jRadioButton_1);  
        group.add(jRadioButton_2);  
        group.add(jRadioButton_3);  
  
        this.add(jRadioButton_1);  
        this.add(jRadioButton_2);  
        this.add(jRadioButton_3);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JButtonTest_2();  
    }  
}

运行结果

多选按钮

代码

public class JButtonTest_3 extends JFrame {  
    public JButtonTest_3(){  
        this.setTitle("测试多选按钮");  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,400);  
        this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        Checkbox checkbox_1 = new Checkbox("checkbox_1");  
        Checkbox checkbox_2 = new Checkbox("checkbox_2");  
  
        container.add(checkbox_1);  
        container.add(checkbox_2);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JButtonTest_3();  
    }  
}

运行结果

下拉框、列表框

下拉框

代码

public class ComboBoxTest extends JFrame {  
    public ComboBoxTest(){  
        this.setTitle("测试下拉列表");  
        this.setBounds(400,400,200,100);  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        JComboBox status = new JComboBox();  
  
        status.addItem(null);  
        status.addItem("正在上映");  
        status.addItem("已下架");  
        status.addItem("即将上映");  
  
        container.add(status);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new ComboBoxTest();  
    }  
}

运行结果

列表框

简单理解为展示出来的列表框
代码

public class ComboBoxTest_2 extends JFrame {  
    public ComboBoxTest_2(){  
        this.setTitle("测试下拉列表");  
        this.setBounds(400,400,200,100);  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        //生成列表的内容  
        String[] str = {"1","2","3"};  
  
        JList list = new JList(str);  
  
        container.add(list);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new ComboBoxTest_2();  
    }  
}

运行结果

应用场景

• 下拉框、选择地区
• 列表框、展示信息，一般是动态扩容

文本框、密码框、文本域

文本框

代码

public class TextTest_1 extends JFrame {  
    public TextTest_1(){  
        this.setTitle("测试文本框");  
        this.setLayout(new FlowLayout());  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        JTextField field = new JTextField("hello");  
        JTextField field_2 = new JTextField("world",20);  
  
        container.add(field);  
        container.add(field_2);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,100);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new TextTest_1();  
    }  
}

运行结果

密码框

代码

public class TextTest_2 extends JFrame {  
    public TextTest_2(){  
        this.setTitle("测试密码框");  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        JPasswordField field = new JPasswordField();  
        field.setEchoChar('*');  
  
        container.add(field);  
  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,100);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new TextTest_2();  
    }  
}

运行结果

文本域

代码

public class JScrollTest extends JFrame {  
    public JScrollTest(){  
        Container container = this.getContentPane();  
  
        JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);  
        textArea.setText("你好，这里在测试JScroll的效果");  
        JScrollPane scrollPane = new JScrollPane(textArea);  
  
        container.add(scrollPane);  
  
  
        this.setBounds(400,400,400,200);  
        this.setVisible(true);  
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);  
    }  
  
    public static void main(String[] args) {  
        new JScrollTest();  
    }  
}

运行结果

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