CS61A 10

Mutable Function & Growth

10.1 Functions with behavior that changes over time

def make_withdraw(balance):
    def withdraw(amount):
        nonlocal balance
        if amount > balance:
            return 'insufficient funds'
        balance = balance - amount
        return balance
    return withdraw

>>> withdraw = make_withdraw(100)
>>> withdraw(10)
90
>>> withdraw(10)
80

nonlocal: first nonlocal frame
nonlocal 注意两个特性：一是不能在local中重复定义：

def f():
    def g(x):
        nonlocal x
        return 2 * x
    return g

SyntaxError: name 'x' is parameter and nonlocal

二是不能定义global environment中的变量：

x = 4
def g():
    nonlocal x
    return 2 * x

SyntaxError: no binding for nonlocal 'x' found

对比没有nonlocal声明

def make_withdraw(balance):
    def withdraw(amount):
        if amount > balance:
            return 'insufficient funds'
        new_balance = balance - amount
        return new_balance
    return withdraw

>>> withdraw = make_withdraw(100)
>>> withdraw(10)
90
>>> withdraw(10)
90

Example：

def f(x):
    x = 4
    def g(y):
        def h(z):
            nonlocal x
            x = x + 1
            return x + y + z
        return h
    return g

a = f(1)
b = a(2)
total = b(3) + b(4)

Answer: 22

a = f(1): x = 1 → x = 4 
b = a(2): y = 2
b(3): z = 3 → x = 4 + 1 → x + y + z = 5 + 2 + 3 = 10
b(4): z = 4 → x = 5 + 1 → x + y + z = 6 + 2 + 4 = 12
total = 22

10. 2 Measuring Growth

Common Patterns

Linear Growth
Logarithmic Growth
Exponential Growth
Example:
Linear Growth → Logarithmic Growth