**ArrayList底层结构和源码分析**

底层操作机制

• ArrayList中维护了一个Object类型的数组elementData

transient Object[] element;//transient:表示瞬间、短暂的，表示该数组不能被序列化

当创建ArrayList对象时。如果使用的事无参构造函数，则初始elementData的容量为0，第一次添加则扩容elementData为10，如需再次扩容，则扩容elementData为1.5倍

new  ArrayList();
底层源码：

    private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
    private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
    private static final int MAX_ARRAY_SIZE = Integer.MAX_VALUE - 8;
 
    public boolean add(E e) {
        ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1);  // 检查数组大小够不够放
        elementData[size++] = e;
        return true;
    }
    
   private void ensureCapacityInternal(int minCapacity) {
   //如果数组是默认容量的空数组，就将最小的容量大小赋值给 minCapacity
        if (elementData == DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA) {
            minCapacity = Math.max(DEFAULT_CAPACITY, minCapacity);
        }
        //再次判断数组容量
        ensureExplicitCapacity(minCapacity);
    }
    
   private void ensureExplicitCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        modCount++;//类似于计数器，记录数组被修改的次数
        // overflow-conscious code
        //如果默认最小容量减去数组容量大于0，说明数组的容量不够存，需要扩容
        if (minCapacity - elementData.length > 0)
            grow(minCapacity);
    }
    
    private void grow(int minCapacity) {
        //将初始容量赋值给oldCapacity，作为记录，方便下次扩容，
        //(oldCapacity >> 1)：除2的意思，
        //oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1)按照1.5倍扩容
        int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
        int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);
        if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)
            newCapacity = minCapacity;
        if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)
            newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
        elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
    }
    
   private static int hugeCapacity(int minCapacity) {
        if (minCapacity < 0) // overflow
            throw new OutOfMemoryError();
        return (minCapacity > MAX_ARRAY_SIZE) ?
            Integer.MAX_VALUE :
            MAX_ARRAY_SIZE;
    }

若创建对象时使用的事有参构造函数，则初始elementData容量为指定大小，如需要扩容，则直接扩容elementData的1.5倍

new  ArrayList(8);
源码：有残构造
    public ArrayList(int initialCapacity) {
        if (initialCapacity > 0) {
            this.elementData = new Object[initialCapacity];
        } else if (initialCapacity == 0) {
            this.elementData = EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal Capacity: "+
                                               initialCapacity);
        }
    }