常见设计模式的解析和实现(C++)之十九-Memento模式
在不破坏封装性的前提下,捕获一个对象的内部状态,并在该对象之外保存这个状态.这样以后就可将该对象恢复到原先保存的状态.
UML结构图:
解析:
Memento模式中封装的是需要保存的状态,当需要恢复的时候才取出来进行恢复.原理很简单,实现的时候需要注意一个地方:窄接口和宽接口.所谓的宽接口就是一般意义上的接口,把对外的接口作为public成员;而窄接口反之,把接口作为private成员,而把需要访问这些接口函数的类作为这个类的友元类,也就是说接口只暴露给了对这些接口感兴趣的类,而不是暴露在外部.下面的实现就是窄实现的方法来实现的.
实现:
1)Memento.h
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2)Memento.cpp
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3)Main.cpp
/********************************************************************
created: 2006/08/09
filename: Main.cpp
author: 李创
http://www.cppblog.com/converse/
purpose: Memento模式的测试代码
*********************************************************************/
#include "Memento.h"
int main()
{
// 创建一个原发器
Originator* pOriginator = new Originator("old state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 创建一个备忘录存放这个原发器的状态
Memento *pMemento = pOriginator->CreateMemento();
// 更改原发器的状态
pOriginator->SetState("new state");
pOriginator->PrintState();
// 通过备忘录把原发器的状态还原到之前的状态
pOriginator->RestoreState(pMemento);
pOriginator->PrintState();
delete pOriginator;
delete pMemento;
return 0;
}
纪念品(记忆)模式。提供对象的保存和恢复机制,同时注意了接口的封装特性(采用友元类)。