Cselect、poll、epoll、以及手写简易libevent反应堆源码

select

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include  "warp_socket.h"

#define PORT 8080

/**
 * select
 * 缺点:受操作系统文件描述符影响,最多只能1024连接
 *      需要遍历所有监听的fd(lfd~maxfd ,但是中间有很多失效的fd),虽然可以用数组解决,但是增加了复杂度.
 * @return
 */
int main() {
    int lfd, cfd, maxfd;
    int n, nready, client[FD_SETSIZE], i;   //client防止遍历所有的文件描述符,FD_SETSIZE=1024
    char buf[BUFSIZ], str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];  //INET_ADDRSTRLEN=16
    struct sockaddr_in srv_addr, cli_addr;
    socklen_t cli_addr_len = sizeof(cli_addr);
    create_ipv4_for_localhost(&srv_addr, PORT);
    lfd = default_my_socket_ipv4_tcp();
    my_bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr));
    my_listen(lfd, 128);

    maxfd = lfd;
    int maxi = -1;
    for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
        client[i] = -1;
    }
    //读集合,和备份集合(用于注册所有读事件)
    fd_set rset, allset;
    //置0
    FD_ZERO(&allset);
    //监听lfd
    FD_SET(lfd, &allset);

    while (1) {
        rset = allset;
        /**
       int select(int nfds, fd_set *readfds, fd_set *writefds,fd_set *exceptfds, struct timeval *timeout);
         nfds：监听的所有文件描述符中,最大文件描述符+1
         readfds：读文件描述符监听集合
         writefds：写文件描述符监听集合
         exceptfds: 异常文件描述符监听集合
         timeout:
                >0:设置监听时长
                NULL:阻塞监听
                0:非阻塞监听,需要轮询
         返回值:
              0，尚未有读写事件来
               -1:error
               >0:所有监听集合有满足的.
         */
        nready = select(maxfd + 1, &rset, NULL, NULL, NULL);
        check(nready, "select error");

        //说明有读写事件来了,因为是lfd,说明有新的客户端连接请求
        if (FD_ISSET(lfd, &rset)) {
            //这里accept不会阻塞
            cfd = my_accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &cli_addr_len);

            printf("received from %s at PORT %d \n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cli_addr.sin_addr, str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN),
                   ntohs(cli_addr.sin_port));
            for (i = 0; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
                if (client[i] == -1) {
                    client[i] = cfd;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i == FD_SETSIZE) {
                fputs("too many clients \n", stderr);
                exit(1);
            }

            //将新建立的客户端连接添加到select监听
            FD_SET(cfd, &allset);
            //记录最大的fd,主要用于遍历事件
            if (maxfd < cfd) {
                maxfd = cfd;
            }
            //记录最大索引
            if (maxi < i) {
                maxi = i;
            }


            //若监听事件是lfd,且只有一个事件,就直接跳过当前循环
            if (0 == --nready)continue;
        }
        //从4开始，因为0~3,分别被in,out,err以及lfd占用了
        for (i = 0; i <= maxi; i++) {
            if (client[i] < 0)continue;

            //处理读事件
            if (FD_ISSET(client[i], &rset)) {
                //读取失败或读到末尾,则关闭文件描述符,以及清空select监听的事件.
                if ((n = my_read(client[i], buf, BUFSIZ)) <= 0) {
                    close(client[i]);
                    FD_CLR(client[i], &allset);
                    client[i] = -1;
                } else {
                    my_write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
                    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                        buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
                    }
                    my_write(client[i], buf, n);
                }
                //匹配固定个数后,跳出当前循环
                if (--nready == 0)break;
            }
        }

/*     for (int i = lfd + 1; i <= maxfd; i++) {
            //处理读事件
            if (FD_ISSET(i, &rset)) {
                //读取失败或读到末尾,则关闭文件描述符,以及清空select监听的事件.
                if ((n = my_read(i, buf, BUFSIZ)) <= 0) {
                    close(i);
                    FD_CLR(i, &allset);
                } else {
                    my_write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
                    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
                        buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
                    }
                    my_write(i, buf, n);
                }
            }
        }*/
    }
    close(lfd);

    return 0;
}

poll

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include  "warp_socket.h"
#include <poll.h>
#include <errno.h>

#define PORT 8080

/**
 * poll
 *
 * 缺点:相当于对select浅浅的封装,多提供了一个数据结构.且监听事件和返回事件集合分离
 * 优点:扩展监听上限.
 * @return
 */
#define OPEN_MAX 1024
int main() {
    int lfd, cfd;
    int n, nready, i;
    char buf[OPEN_MAX], str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    struct pollfd client[OPEN_MAX];
    struct sockaddr_in srv_addr, cli_addr;
    socklen_t cli_addr_len = sizeof(cli_addr);
    create_ipv4_for_localhost(&srv_addr, PORT);
    lfd = default_my_socket_ipv4_tcp();
    my_bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr));
    my_listen(lfd, 128);

    //设置待监听的文件描述符
    client[0].fd = lfd;
    //设置带监听的文件描述符的监听事件
    /**POLLIN:读
     * POLLOUT:写
     * POLLERR:错误
     */
    client[0].events = POLLIN;
    for (i = 1; i < FD_SETSIZE; i++) {
        client[i].fd = -1;
    }
    int maxi = 0;

    while (1) {

        /**  int poll(  struct pollfd *fds, nfds_t nfds, int timeout);
         *fds : 监听的文件描述符数组
         * nfds ：实际有效监听个数,也就是数组中具体监听多少个
         * timeout ：-1阻塞,0不阻塞,>0超时多少毫秒
         */
        nready = poll(client, maxi + 1, -1);
        check(nready, "select error");

        //说明lfd有读写事件来了
        if (client[0].revents & POLLIN) {
            cfd = my_accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &cli_addr_len);

            printf("received from %s at PORT %d \n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cli_addr.sin_addr, str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN),
                   ntohs(cli_addr.sin_port));

            for (i = 1; i < OPEN_MAX; i++) {
                if (client[i].fd == -1) {
                    client[i].fd = cfd;
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (i == OPEN_MAX) {
                fputs("too many clients \n", stderr);
                exit(1);
            }

            client[i].events = POLLIN;

            if (maxi < i) {
                maxi = i;
            }

            //若监听事件是lfd,且只有一个事件,就直接跳过当前循环
            if (0 == --nready)continue;
        }
        for (i = 1; i <= maxi; i++) {
            if (client[i].fd < 0)continue;
            //处理读事件
            if (client[i].revents & POLLIN) {
                //读取失败或读到末尾,则关闭文件描述符,以及清空select监听的事件.
                if ((n = my_read(client[i].fd, buf, OPEN_MAX)) < 0) {
                    //收到RST标志
                    if (errno == ECONNRESET) {
                        printf("client %d \n", i);
                        close(client[i].fd);
                        //POLL不监控该文件描述符,设置-1即可
                        client[i].fd = -1;
                    } else {
                        fputs("read error \n", stderr);
                    }
                } else if (n == 0) {
                    //读到文件末尾,说明客户端先关闭连接.
                    close(client[i].fd);
                    client[i].fd = -1;
                } else {
                    my_write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
                    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                        buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
                    }
                    my_write(client[i].fd, buf, n);
                }
                //匹配固定个数后,跳出当前循环
                if (--nready == 0)break;
            }
        }

    }
    close(lfd);

    return 0;
}

epoll

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include  "../warp_socket.h"
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>

#define PORT 8080

/**
 * epoll
 *
 * 事件模型
 *      边沿触发：缓冲区剩余未读尽的数据不会导致epoll_wait返回,新的事件满足监听条件,才会触发
 *      水平出发(默认)：缓冲区剩余未读尽的数据会导致epoll_wait返回
 *
 *  ET边沿触发,高效,只支持文件非阻塞
 *
 *  epoll还可以适用管道之内用文件描述符的
 * @return
 */
#define OPEN_MAX 1024

int main() {
    int efd, lfd, cfd, handle_cfd;
    int n, nready, i;
    char buf[OPEN_MAX], str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
    struct sockaddr_in srv_addr, cli_addr;
    socklen_t cli_addr_len = sizeof(cli_addr);
    create_ipv4_for_localhost(&srv_addr, PORT);
    lfd = default_my_socket_ipv4_tcp();
    my_bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &srv_addr, sizeof(srv_addr));
    my_listen(lfd, 128);

    //创建epoll红黑树节点(内核会自动调整,仅供参考)
//    int epoll_create(int size);
    efd = epoll_create(OPEN_MAX);
    check(efd, "epoll_create error");

    //将lfd以及结构体设置树上
    struct epoll_event tep, ep[OPEN_MAX];
    //监听读事件
    tep.events = EPOLLIN;//LT水平出发(默认)
//    tep.events = EPOLLIN|EPOLLET;//ET边沿触发
    tep.data.fd = lfd;
/**
 *  int epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event *event);
 *  epfd: 红黑树根节点
 *  op：设置加入红黑树节点的监听事件
 *          EPOLL_CTL_ADD 添加节点到红黑树上
 *          EPOLL_CTL_DEL 删除节点,从红黑树上
 *          EPOLL_CTL_MOD 修改节点,从红黑树上
 *
 *  fd：加入红黑树的待监听节点
 *  event：
 *
            struct epoll_event {
                     uint32_t     events; 感兴趣的事件  EPOLLIN/EPOLLOUT/EPOLLERR
                     epoll_data_t data;
                };
            typedef union epoll_data {
                    void        *ptr;
                    int          fd;    添加的带监听fd
                    uint32_t     u32;
                    uint64_t     u64;
                } epoll_data_t;
 *
 *
 */
    int res = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, lfd, &tep);
    check(res, "epoll_create error");

    while (1) {
        /**
         *  int epoll_wait(int epfd, struct epoll_event *events,int maxevents, int timeout);
         *  epfd：红黑树根节点
         *  events：传出参数,主要记录那些满足了监听条件的fd
         *  maxevents：传出参数数组总个数
         *  timeout：-1阻塞,0不阻塞,>0超时多少毫秒
         *
         *  返回:满足监听的个数
         */
        nready = epoll_wait(efd, ep, OPEN_MAX, -1);
        check(nready, "select error");

        for (i = 0; i < nready; i++) {
            if (!ep[i].events & EPOLLIN) {
                continue;
            }
            //说明是建立连接的事件
            if (ep[i].data.fd == lfd) {
                cfd = my_accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cli_addr, &cli_addr_len);
                printf("received from %s at PORT %d \n", inet_ntop(AF_INET, &cli_addr.sin_addr, str, INET_ADDRSTRLEN),
                       ntohs(cli_addr.sin_port));

                //新建立连接的fd,加入红黑树
                tep.events = EPOLLIN;
                tep.data.fd = cfd;
                res = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, cfd, &tep);
                check(res, "epoll_create error");
            } else {
                //说明是读事件
                handle_cfd = ep[i].data.fd;
                if ((n = my_read(handle_cfd, buf, OPEN_MAX)) <= 0) {
                    //从红黑树上移除该监听fd
                    res = epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, handle_cfd, NULL);
                    check(res, "epoll_create error");
                    perror("close con \n");
                    close(handle_cfd);
                } else {
                    my_write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, n);
                    for (int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
                        buf[j] = toupper(buf[j]);
                    }
                    my_write(handle_cfd, buf, n);
                }
            }
        }

    }
    close(lfd);
    close(efd);

    return 0;
}

反应堆

#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <time.h>

#define MAX_EVENTS  1024                                    //监听上限数
#define BUFLEN 4096
#define SERV_PORT   8080

void recvdata(int fd, int events, void *arg);

void senddata(int fd, int events, void *arg);

/* 描述就绪文件描述符相关信息 */

struct myevent_s {
    int fd;                                                 //要监听的文件描述符
    int events;                                             //对应的监听事件
    void *arg;                                              //泛型参数
    void (*call_back)(int fd, int events, void *arg);       //回调函数
    int status;                                             //是否在监听:1->在红黑树上(监听), 0->不在(不监听)
    char buf[BUFLEN];
    int len;
    long last_active;                                       //记录每次加入红黑树 g_efd 的时间值
};

int g_efd;                                                  //全局变量, 保存epoll_create返回的文件描述符
struct myevent_s g_events[MAX_EVENTS + 1];                    //自定义结构体类型数组. +1-->listen fd


/*将结构体 myevent_s 成员变量 初始化*/

void eventset(struct myevent_s *ev, int fd, void (*call_back)(int, int, void *), void *arg) {
    ev->fd = fd;
    ev->call_back = call_back;
    ev->events = 0;
    ev->arg = arg;
    ev->status = 0;
    //memset(ev->buf, 0, sizeof(ev->buf));
    //ev->len = 0;
    ev->last_active = time(NULL);                       //调用eventset函数的时间

    return;
}

/* 向 epoll监听的红黑树 添加一个 文件描述符 */

void eventadd(int efd, int events, struct myevent_s *ev) {
    struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}};
    int op;
    epv.data.ptr = ev;
    epv.events = ev->events = events;       //EPOLLIN 或 EPOLLOUT

    if (ev->status == 1) {                                          //已经在红黑树 g_efd 里
        op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;                                         //修改其属性
    } else {                                //不在红黑树里
        op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;                 //将其加入红黑树 g_efd, 并将status置1
        ev->status = 1;
    }

    if (epoll_ctl(efd, op, ev->fd, &epv) < 0)                       //实际添加/修改
        printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
    else
        printf("event add OK [fd=%d], op=%d, events[%0X]\n", ev->fd, op, events);

    return;
}

/* 从epoll 监听的 红黑树中删除一个 文件描述符*/

void eventdel(int efd, struct myevent_s *ev) {
    struct epoll_event epv = {0, {0}};

    if (ev->status != 1)                                        //不在红黑树上
        return;

    epv.data.ptr = ev;
    ev->status = 0;                                             //修改状态
    epoll_ctl(efd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &epv);                //从红黑树 efd 上将 ev->fd 摘除

    return;
}

/*  当有文件描述符就绪, epoll返回, 调用该函数 与客户端建立链接 */

void acceptconn(int lfd, int events, void *arg) {
    struct sockaddr_in cin;
    socklen_t len = sizeof(cin);
    int cfd, i;

    if ((cfd = accept(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &cin, &len)) == -1) {
        if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
            /* 暂时不做出错处理 */
        }
        printf("%s: accept, %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
        return;
    }

    do {
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_EVENTS; i++)                                //从全局数组g_events中找一个空闲元素
            if (g_events[i].status == 0)                                //类似于select中找值为-1的元素
                break;                                                  //跳出 for

        if (i == MAX_EVENTS) {
            printf("%s: max connect limit[%d]\n", __func__, MAX_EVENTS);
            break;                                                      //跳出do while(0) 不执行后续代码
        }

        int flag = 0;
        if ((flag = fcntl(cfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {             //将cfd也设置为非阻塞
            printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
            break;
        }

        /* 给cfd设置一个 myevent_s 结构体, 回调函数 设置为 recvdata */

        eventset(&g_events[i], cfd, recvdata, &g_events[i]);
        eventadd(g_efd, EPOLLIN, &g_events[i]);                         //将cfd添加到红黑树g_efd中,监听读事件

    } while (0);

    printf("new connect [%s:%d][time:%ld], pos[%d]\n",
           inet_ntoa(cin.sin_addr), ntohs(cin.sin_port), g_events[i].last_active, i);
    return;
}

void recvdata(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
    struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s *) arg;
    int len;

    len = recv(fd, ev->buf, sizeof(ev->buf), 0);            //读文件描述符, 数据存入myevent_s成员buf中

    eventdel(g_efd, ev);        //将该节点从红黑树上摘除

    if (len > 0) {

        ev->len = len;
        ev->buf[len] = '\0';                                //手动添加字符串结束标记
        printf("C[%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buf);

        eventset(ev, fd, senddata, ev);                     //设置该 fd 对应的回调函数为 senddata
        eventadd(g_efd, EPOLLOUT, ev);                      //将fd加入红黑树g_efd中,监听其写事件

    } else if (len == 0) {
        close(ev->fd);
        /* ev-g_events 地址相减得到偏移元素位置 */
        printf("[fd=%d] pos[%ld], closed\n", fd, ev - g_events);
    } else {
        close(ev->fd);
        printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
    }

    return;
}

void senddata(int fd, int events, void *arg) {
    struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s *) arg;
    int len;

    len = send(fd, ev->buf, ev->len, 0);                    //直接将数据 回写给客户端。未作处理
    /*
    printf("fd=%d\tev->buf=%s\ttev->len=%d\n", fd, ev->buf, ev->len);
    printf("send len = %d\n", len);
    */

    if (len > 0) {

        printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->buf);
        eventdel(g_efd, ev);                                //从红黑树g_efd中移除
        eventset(ev, fd, recvdata, ev);                     //将该fd的 回调函数改为 recvdata
        eventadd(g_efd, EPOLLIN, ev);                       //从新添加到红黑树上， 设为监听读事件

    } else {
        close(ev->fd);                                      //关闭链接
        eventdel(g_efd, ev);                                //从红黑树g_efd中移除
        printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));
    }

    return;
}

/*创建 socket, 初始化lfd */

void initlistensocket(int efd, short port) {
    int lfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
    fcntl(lfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);                                            //将socket设为非阻塞

    /* void eventset(struct myevent_s *ev, int fd, void (*call_back)(int, int, void *), void *arg);  */
    eventset(&g_events[MAX_EVENTS], lfd, acceptconn, &g_events[MAX_EVENTS]);

    /* void eventadd(int efd, int events, struct myevent_s *ev) */
    eventadd(efd, EPOLLIN, &g_events[MAX_EVENTS]);

    struct sockaddr_in sin;
    memset(&sin, 0, sizeof(sin));                                               //bzero(&sin, sizeof(sin))
    sin.sin_family = AF_INET;
    sin.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    sin.sin_port = htons(port);

    bind(lfd, (struct sockaddr *) &sin, sizeof(sin));

    listen(lfd, 20);

    return;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    unsigned short port = SERV_PORT;

    if (argc == 2)
        port = atoi(argv[1]);                           //使用用户指定端口.如未指定,用默认端口

    g_efd = epoll_create(MAX_EVENTS + 1);                 //创建红黑树,返回给全局 g_efd
    if (g_efd <= 0)
        printf("create efd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));

    initlistensocket(g_efd, port);                      //初始化监听socket

    struct epoll_event events[MAX_EVENTS + 1];            //保存已经满足就绪事件的文件描述符数组
    printf("server running:port[%d]\n", port);

    int checkpos = 0, i;
    while (1) {
        /* 超时验证，每次测试100个链接，不测试listenfd 当客户端60秒内没有和服务器通信，则关闭此客户端链接 */

        long now = time(NULL);                          //当前时间
        for (i = 0; i < 100; i++, checkpos++) {         //一次循环检测100个。 使用checkpos控制检测对象
            if (checkpos == MAX_EVENTS)
                checkpos = 0;
            if (g_events[checkpos].status != 1)         //不在红黑树 g_efd 上
                continue;

            long duration = now - g_events[checkpos].last_active;       //客户端不活跃的世间

            if (duration >= 60) {
                close(g_events[checkpos].fd);                           //关闭与该客户端链接
                printf("[fd=%d] timeout\n", g_events[checkpos].fd);
                eventdel(g_efd, &g_events[checkpos]);                   //将该客户端 从红黑树 g_efd移除
            }
        }

        /*监听红黑树g_efd, 将满足的事件的文件描述符加至events数组中, 1秒没有事件满足, 返回 0*/
        int nfd = epoll_wait(g_efd, events, MAX_EVENTS + 1, 1000);
        if (nfd < 0) {
            printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
            break;
        }

        for (i = 0; i < nfd; i++) {
            /*使用自定义结构体myevent_s类型指针, 接收 联合体data的void *ptr成员*/
            struct myevent_s *ev = (struct myevent_s *) events[i].data.ptr;

            if ((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN) || //读就绪事件
                ((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT))) {        //写就绪事件
                ev->call_back(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
            }

        }
    }

    /* 退出前释放所有资源 */
    return 0;
}