证明:
1+2+3+⋯+n−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√<2…(0)
解答:
如果证:
1+2+3+⋯+n−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√<2…(0)
只需证:
2+3+4+…n−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√<3…(1)
只需证:
3+4+5+…n−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−√−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√<7…(2)
设:
f(0)=2,f(n)=f2(n−1)−n
,显然第
n
个右侧的数字就是
考虑用归纳法。归纳的内容是,对于所有的正整数
n
,
- 当 x=1 时,显然成立
- 对于所有的 x≤n ,该命题都成立,需要证明当 x=n+1 时成立。我们考虑:
f(n)=f2(n−1)−nf(n+1)=f2(n)−n−1
两式相减并整理,得到:
f(n+1)−f(n)=(f(n)+f(n−1))(f(n)−f(n−1))−1
根据归纳假设, f(n)−f(n−1)≥1 ,由于 f(n),f(n−1) 都为正整数, f(n)+f(n−1)≥2 ,所以:
f(n+1)−f(n)≥2×1−1=1
又有
f(n)>0
所以
f(n+1)=f(n)+1>0
。所以可以证明,
f(n+1)>0,f(n+1)−f(n)≥1
。根据归纳原理,对于任意的正整数
n
,都有