单线程
MS-DOS时代,操作系统处理问题都是单任务的,我想做听音乐和看电影两件事儿,那么一定要先排一下顺序。
from time import ctime,sleep
def music():
for i in range(2):
print "I was listening to music. %s" %ctime()
sleep(1)
def move():
for i in range(2):
print "I was at the movies! %s" %ctime()
sleep(5)
if __name__ == '__main__':
music()
move()
print "all over %s" %ctime()
我们先听了一首音乐,通过for循环来控制音乐的播放了两次,每首音乐播放需要1秒钟,sleep()来控制音乐播放的时长。接着我们又看了一场电影,每一场电影需要5秒钟,因为太好看了,所以我也通过for循环看两遍。在整个休闲娱乐活动结束后,我通过
print "all over %s" %ctime()
看了一下当前时间,差不多该睡觉了。
运行结果:
>>=========================== RESTART ================================
>>>
I was listening to music. Thu Apr 17 10:47:08 2014
I was listening to music. Thu Apr 17 10:47:09 2014
I was at the movies! Thu Apr 17 10:47:10 2014
I was at the movies! Thu Apr 17 10:47:15 2014
all over Thu Apr 17 10:47:20 2014
其实,music()和move()更应该被看作是音乐和视频播放器,至于要播放什么歌曲和视频应该由我们使用时决定。所以,我们对上面代码做了改造:
#coding=utf-8
import threading
from time import ctime,sleep
def music(func):
for i in range(2):
print "I was listening to %s. %s" %(func,ctime())
sleep(1)
def move(func):
for i in range(2):
print "I was at the %s! %s" %(func,ctime())
sleep(5)
if __name__ == '__main__':
music(u'爱情买卖')
move(u'阿凡达')
print "all over %s" %ctime()
对music()和move()进行了传参处理。体验中国经典歌曲和欧美大片文化。
运行结果:
>>> ======================== RESTART ================================
>>>
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 11:48:59 2014
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 11:49:00 2014
I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 11:49:01 2014
I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 11:49:06 2014
all over Thu Apr 17 11:49:11 2014
多线程
科技在发展,时代在进步,我们的CPU也越来越快,CPU抱怨,P大点事儿占了我一定的时间,其实我同时干多个活都没问题的;于是,操作系统就进入了多任务时代。我们听着音乐吃着火锅的不在是梦想。
和threading?,thread?有一些缺点,在threading?得到了弥补,为了不浪费你和时间,所以我们直接学习threading?就可以了。
继续对上面的例子进行改造,引入threadring来同时播放音乐和视频:
#coding=utf-8
import threading
from time import ctime,sleep
def music(func):
for i in range(2):
print "I was listening to %s. %s" %(func,ctime())
sleep(1)
def move(func):
for i in range(2):
print "I was at the %s! %s" %(func,ctime())
sleep(5)
threads = []
t1 = threading.Thread(target=music,args=(u'爱情买卖',))
threads.append(t1)
t2 = threading.Thread(target=move,args=(u'阿凡达',))
threads.append(t2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
for t in threads:
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
print "all over %s" %ctime()
import threading
首先导入threading?模块,这是使用多线程的前提。
threads = []
t1 = threading.Thread(target=music,args=(u'爱情买卖',))
threads.append(t1)
把创建好的线程t1装到threads数组中。
接着以同样的方式创建线程t2,并把t2也装到threads数组。
for t in threads:
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
最后通过for循环遍历数组。(数组被装载了t1和t2两个线程)
setDaemon()
方法调用之前设置,如果不设置为守护线程程序会被无限挂起。子线程启动后,父线程也继续执行下去,当父线程执行完最后一条语句print?"all?over?%s"?%ctime()后,没有等待子线程,直接就退出了,同时子线程也一同结束。
start()
开始线程活动。
运行结果:
>>> ========================= RESTART ================================
>>>
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 12:51:45 2014 I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 12:51:45 2014 all over Thu Apr 17 12:51:45 2014
move )和主线程(print "all over %s" %ctime())都是同一时间启动,但由于主线程执行完结束,所以导致子线程也终止。
继续调整程序:
...
if __name__ == '__main__':
for t in threads:
t.setDaemon(True)
t.start()
t.join()
print "all over %s" %ctime()
我们只对上面的程序加了个join()方法,用于等待线程终止。join()的作用是,在子线程完成运行之前,这个子线程的父线程将一直被阻塞。
注意: join()方法的位置是在for循环外的,也就是说必须等待for循环里的两个进程都结束后,才去执行主进程。
运行结果:
>>> ========================= RESTART ================================
>>>
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 13:04:11 2014 I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 13:04:11 2014
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 13:04:12 2014
I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 13:04:16 2014
all over Thu Apr 17 13:04:21 2014
和move 是同时启动的。
开始时间4分11秒,直到调用主进程为4分22秒,总耗时为10秒。从单线程时减少了2秒,我们可以把music的sleep()的时间调整为4秒。
...
def music(func):
for i in range(2):
print "I was listening to %s. %s" %(func,ctime())
sleep(4)
...
执行结果:
>>> ====================== RESTART ================================
>>>
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 13:11:27 2014I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 13:11:27 2014
I was listening to 爱情买卖. Thu Apr 17 13:11:31 2014
I was at the 阿凡达! Thu Apr 17 13:11:32 2014
all over Thu Apr 17 13:11:37 2014
子线程启动11分27秒,主线程运行11分37秒。,但通多程线的方式运行脚本,总的时间没变化。
感谢每一个认真阅读我文章的人,礼尚往来总是要有的,虽然不是什么很值钱的东西,如果你用得到的话可以直接拿走:
这些资料,对于【软件测试】的朋友来说应该是最全面最完整的备战仓库,这个仓库也陪伴上万个测试工程师们走过最艰难的路程,希望也能帮助到你!有需要的小伙伴可以点击下方小卡片领取