【归纳总结】JavaEE之request&&response

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-12 22:27:20 发布

Octavius_

最新推荐文章于 2022-06-12 22:27:20 发布

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分类专栏：归纳总结 JAVAEE 文章标签： servlet java http tomcat 乱码

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Octavius_/article/details/114273986

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request对象

一、request对象的各种api

@WebServlet("/request")
public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求体
        String method = request.getMethod(); //获取请求方法
        String requestURL = request.getRequestURL().toString(); //获取URL
        String requestURI = request.getRequestURI(); //获取URI
        String protocol = request.getProtocol(); //获取协议类型及版本
        System.out.println(method + " " + requestURI + " " + protocol);
        System.out.println(method + " " + requestURL + " " + protocol);
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        //获取请求头
        Enumeration<String> headerNames = request.getHeaderNames();
        while (headerNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String headerName = headerNames.nextElement();
            String headerValue = request.getHeader(headerName);
            System.out.println(headerName + ":" + headerValue);
        }
        System.out.println("---------------------------------");
        //获取地址及端口号
        String remoteAddr = request.getRemoteAddr(); //获取客户端地址
        int remotePort = request.getRemotePort(); //获取客户端端口号
        String localAddr = request.getLocalAddr(); //获取服务器地址
        int localPort = request.getLocalPort(); //获取服务器端口号
        System.out.println(remoteAddr);
        System.out.println(remotePort);
        System.out.println(localAddr);
        System.out.println(localPort);
    }
}

输出结果：

GET /app2/request HTTP/1.1
GET http://localhost/app2/request HTTP/1.1
---------------------------------
host:localhost
connection:keep-alive
cache-control:max-age=0
upgrade-insecure-requests:1
user-agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/84.0.4147.89 Safari/537.36 SLBrowser/7.0.0.1071 SLBChan/25
accept:text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9
sec-fetch-site:none
sec-fetch-mode:navigate
sec-fetch-user:?1
sec-fetch-dest:document
accept-encoding:gzip, deflate, br
accept-language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.9
cookie:JSESSIONID=085E5042592ACB4654BEC2BE52AF4DE6
---------------------------------
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
64172
0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1
80

二、获取form表单的参数

假如现在通过如下form表单来访问服务器：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="/app2/submit2" method="post">
    <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    <input type="password" name="password"><br>
    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="male">男
    <input type="radio" name="gender" value="female">女<br>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="java">java
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="python">python
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="c++">c++<br>
    <select name="province">
        <option value="wuhan">武汉</option>
        <option value="beijing">北京</option>
        <option value="shanghai">上海</option>
    </select>
    <input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

用如下方法获取所有提交上来的属性：

@WebServlet("/submit")
public class SubmitServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Enumeration<String> parameterNames = req.getParameterNames();
        while (parameterNames.hasMoreElements()){
            String name = parameterNames.nextElement();
            String[] parameterValues = req.getParameterValues(name);
            System.out.println(name + ":" + Arrays.toString(parameterValues));
        }
    }
}

输出结果为：

username:[Octavius]
password:[123456]
gender:[male]
hobby:[java, python]
province:[wuhan]

三、封装数据

一般使用第三个工具类来封装数据，比如benautils类。
步骤：在开发目录中新建一个lib目录，然后导入下载的jar包，然后add as library。把jar包部署到应用的WEB-INF/lib目录下。
原因：Tomcat调用servlet时会先去应用的WEB-INF/classes目录下加载class文件，然后去应用的WEB-INF/lib目录下去加载所依赖的jar包。
封装代码如下

@WebServlet("/request2")
public class RequestServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //获取请求参数的map
        Map<String, String[]> map = request.getParameterMap();
        //创建要封装进去的user对象
        User user = new User();
        //利用beanutils将这些参数封装进对象
        try {
            BeanUtils.populate(user, map);
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        System.out.println(user);
    }
}

四、中文乱码问题

使用api：

void setCharacterEncoding(java.lang.String env)
                          throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException

在响应头上调用setCharacterEncoding(“编码格式”)方法，意思是将请求报文请求体的编码格式改成括号中的编码格式。

五、转发

思想：每一个模块只负责一个功能点，每个模块功能尽可能单一，那么它的复用性就越好。因此有时候一个请求需要多个servlet共同来处理

使用**getRequestDispatcher()**来转发
路径有三种写法

全路径（此处不可行）request.getRequestDispatcher("http://localhost/app2/request3");
相对路径request.getRequestDispatcher("request3");
应用名/资源名request.getRequestDispatcher("app2/request3");

六、request域

Context域：能拿到一个context对象，这个context对象里都是键值对。
Context域的作用范围：整个应用，同一应用的任一servlet都能拿到这个context对象。
Request域：能拿到一个request对象，这个request对象里都是键值对。
Request域的作用范围：是转发包含中的源组件和目标组件。

共享域的条件：
context域，只要拿到的是同一个context对象，那么就可以共享同一个context域
request域，只要拿到的是同一个request对象，那么就可以共享同一个request域

@WebServlet("/domain1")
public class DomainServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //request域
        request.setAttribute("name", "zhangsan");
        RequestDispatcher dispacher = request.getRequestDispatcher("domain2");
        dispacher.forward(request, response);
    }
}

@WebServlet("/domain2")
public class DomainServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String name = (String) request.getAttribute("name");
        System.out.println(name);
    }
}

response对象

一、response对象的各种api

@WebServlet("/response1")
public class ResponseServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置响应状态码
        response.setStatus(404);
        //设置响应头
        response.setHeader("Content-Type", "text/html");
        response.setHeader("Server", "Tomcat 8.5");
        //设置响应体
        response.getWriter().println(new Date());
        response.getWriter().println("<h1 style='color:red'>File Not Found</h1>");
    }
}

二、中文乱码

有时候response.getWrite().print("中文")这句话会在浏览器上显示为乱码

解决这个问题，我们不仅要设置响应体的编码格式，还要告诉浏览器我们的编码格式

一般有三种解决方案：

方案一
先设置响应体的编码格式
再写html格式的代码

@WebServlet("/char")
public class CharacterServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        //将浏览器的解码格式设置为utf-8
        response.getWriter().println("<!DOCTYPE html>\n" +
                "<html lang=\"en\">\n" +
                "<head>\n" +
                "    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n" +
                "    <title>Title</title>\n" +
                "</head>\n" +
                "<body>");

        //前后是html页面的标准格式，中间写数据
        response.getWriter().println("中国");
        
        response.getWriter().println("</body>\n" +
                "</html>");
    }
}

方案二
设置响应头

Response.setHeader(“content-type”,”text/html;charset=utf-8”)

方案三
设置ContentType

response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

三、输出字节数据

输出字节数据最常见的使用场景是去处理文件，去响应文件资源、二进制文件资源

比如：将本地部署根目录的下的1.jpg文件输出到客户端

思路：

先拿到文件的绝对路径
利用绝对路径，创造文件输入流，将文件的内容读取到输入流中
在response对象上调用getOutputStream()方法可以获得一个类似于文件输出流的输出流，他可以自动将流中的信息写到浏览器页面

@WebServlet("/stream")
public class OutputStreamServlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("image/jpg");
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        //1.先拿到文件的绝对路径
        String realPath = getServletContext().getRealPath("1.jpg");
        
        //2.创建输入流
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(realPath);
     
        int length = 0;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        
        //3.创建输出流
        ServletOutputStream outputStream = response.getOutputStream();
        while ((length = fileInputStream.read(bytes)) != -1){
            outputStream.write(bytes, 0, length);
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
        //输出流可以关闭，也可以不关闭，如果不关闭，那么tomcat会在响应的时候帮你关闭
        outputStream.flush();
        outputStream.close();
    }
}

设计缺省Servlet的原理与这个代码类似

四、定时刷新

方式一

//表示每隔2秒刷新一次页面
response.getWriter().print(new Date());
response.setHeader("refresh", "2");

方式二

//表示2秒过后，会跳转到指定url
response.setHeader("refresh", "2;url=test");
response.setHeader("refresh","2;url=" + request.getContextPath() + "/stream");
response.setHeader("refresh","2;url=http://www.baidu.com");

getContextPath()方法是获取应用名
getServletPath()方法是获取资源名

五、重定向

访问某一个地址，服务器返回一个302或者307的状态码，表示需要重定向，响应头还包含一个Location头，指明了下次重定向的路径。

方式一

response.setStatus(302)
response.setHeader("Location", request.getContextPath() + "/test")

方式二

response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath() + "/test")

Octavius_

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【归纳总结】JavaEE之request&&response

request对象一、request对象的各种api@WebServlet("/request")public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet { protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { } protected void doGe
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