虚函数学习二

// c_datastructure.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Student {
public:
	Student(int n, string nam, float sco) :num(n), name(nam), score(sco) {}
	~Student() {}
	void display();
protected:
	int num;
	string name;
	float score;
};
void Student::display() {
	cout << " num : " << num << endl;
	cout << " name : " << name << endl;
	cout << " score : " << score << endl;
}

class Graduate :public Student{
public:
	Graduate(int n, string nam, float sco, float w) :Student(n, nam, sco), wage(w) {}
	void display();
private:
	float wage;
};
void Graduate::display() {
	cout << " num : " << num << endl;
	cout << " name : " << name << endl;
	cout << " score : " << score << endl;
	cout << " wage : " << wage << endl;
}


int main()
{
	cout << "************" << endl;

	Student s(1001, "li", 87.33);
	Graduate g(1002, "Wang", 33.12, 1222.3);
	Student*str = &s;
	str->display();
	// (*str).display();
	cout << endl << endl;
	// 定义指向基类指针，这时候指向具体的对象
	str = &g;
	str->display();
	// (*str).display();

	// system("pause");
	/*
	int A[] = { 1, -2, 3, 10, -4, 7, 2 };
	int maxSum = maxSubArray_baoli(A, 7);
	cout << maxSum << endl;
	cout << maxSubArray_fenzhi(A, 0, 7) << endl;
	cout << maxSubArray_dongtaiguihua(A, 7) << endl;
	*/
    return 0;
}

该段代码中一开始定义了指向基类的指针str，一开始调用display()则调用Student基类的display函数，没有错误。但是后来引用了具体派生对象的g后，再次调用display()发现只是输出基类的信息，而派生类新增的对象成员wage则无法输出。这是和c++相关，那么这时候的派生类的引用地址其实和基类的内存是共用的，所以只能输出基类的信息。这时候想通过这种办法输出派生类的新增信息怎么办呢？下面就要使用到C++的虚函数多态性，虚函数也是为次而生。

// c_datastructure.cpp : 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

class Student {
public:
	Student(int n, string nam, float sco) :num(n), name(nam), score(sco) {}
	~Student() {}
	virtual void display();
protected:
	int num;
	string name;
	float score;
};
void Student::display() {
	cout << " num : " << num << endl;
	cout << " name : " << name << endl;
	cout << " score : " << score << endl;
}

class Graduate :public Student{
public:
	Graduate(int n, string nam, float sco, float w) :Student(n, nam, sco), wage(w) {}
	virtual void display();
private:
	float wage;
};
void Graduate::display() {
	cout << " num : " << num << endl;
	cout << " name : " << name << endl;
	cout << " score : " << score << endl;
	cout << " wage : " << wage << endl;
}


int main()
{
	cout << "************" << endl;

	Student s(1001, "li", 87.33);
	Graduate g(1002, "Wang", 33.12, 1222.3);
	Student*str = &s;
	str->display();
	// (*str).display();
	cout << endl << endl;
	// 定义指向基类指针，这时候指向具体的对象
	str = &g;
	str->display();
	// (*str).display();

	// system("pause");
	/*
	int A[] = { 1, -2, 3, 10, -4, 7, 2 };
	int maxSum = maxSubArray_baoli(A, 7);
	cout << maxSum << endl;
	cout << maxSubArray_fenzhi(A, 0, 7) << endl;
	cout << maxSubArray_dongtaiguihua(A, 7) << endl;
	*/
    return 0;
}

这时候在基类中将void display()定义为虚函数：virtual void dispaly();那么就可以实现在派生类族中具有相同函数时候，通过指向基类指针或者引用基类，进而调用具体的派生对象实现不同的功能。从而避免了多次new派生对象去调用该共同函数，这也是多态性的重要体现。