Python3.x---第四篇

补充基础

• 列表生成式

# values = []
# for x in range(1,101):
#     values.append(x)
#
# print(values)

# #列表生成式
# value = [x for x in range(1,101)]
# print(value)

#取1-100之间的偶数
# values = []
# for x in range(1,100):
#     if x % 2 == 0:
#         values.append(x)
# print(values)

value = [x for x in range(1,101) if x % 2 == 0]
print(value)

• 模仿三目运算符

a = 5
b = 2
c = None
if a > b:
    c = 1
else:
    c = 0

c = 1 if a>b else 0

• property装饰器

'''
有些时候你给一个类的某个属性设置变量的时候，可能除了设置变量，还要做一些其它的事情。
或者你在读取某个值的时候，想在返回值之前做点其他的事情，那么你可以使用property装饰器来完成。
比如拿打飞机游戏来讲，在飞机这个类中，有一个属性alive用来保存这个飞机是否还活着，
如果设置为False，那么即飞机已经死亡，这时候除了保存这个状态，还要执行中弹的动画。
这时候就可以使用property装饰器来完成了
'''
class Plane(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._alive = True
        self.score = 0
    #将alive方法设置为属性，然后以后调用temp = p.alive,就会执行这个方法
    @property
    def alive(self):
        if not self._alive:
            self.cancel_schedule()
        return self._alive

    @alive.setter
    def alive(self,value):
        self._alive = value
        if value == False:
            self.die_action()

    def cancel_schedule(self):
        print('取消事件调度')

    @property
    def score(self):
        return self._score

    @score.setter
    def score(self,value):
        self._score = value
        self._update_score_brand(value)

    def _update_score_brand(self,value):
        print('积分榜的值为：%d' % value)

    def die_action(self):
        print('飞机被撞状态')


p = Plane()

hit = True
if hit:
    # p.set_alive(False)
    # p.alive = False
    temp = p.alive
    p.set_score(100)
    # p.get_alive()
    # p.set_score(100)
    #要去更改积分榜的值

• 实例：面向对象的宠物管理系统

class Pet(object):
	"""
	宠物类
	"""
	def __init__(self,pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price):
		self.id = pet_id
		self.name = pet_name
		self.type = pet_type
		self.price = pet_price

	@classmethod
	def pet_with_line(cls,line):
		pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price = line.replace('\n','').split('&')
		pet = Pet(pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price)
		return pet

	def get_line(self):
		return "{id}&{name}&{type}&{price}\n".format(id=self.id,name=self.name,type=self.type,price=self.price)


class PetManager(object):
	"""
	宠物管理
	"""
	__instance = None
	__filename = 'pet_book.txt'

	def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
		if not cls.__instance:
			cls.__instance = super(PetManager,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
		return cls.__instance

	def add_pet(self,pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price):
		pet = Pet(pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price)
		with open(PetManager.__filename,'a') as fp:
			fp.write(pet.get_line())

	def list_all_pets(self):
		all_pets = []
		with open(PetManager.__filename,'r') as fp:
			for line in fp:
				pet = Pet.pet_with_line(line)
				all_pets.append(pet)
		return all_pets

	def search_pet(self,name):
		with open(PetManager.__filename,'r') as fp:
			for line in fp:
				pet = Pet.pet_with_line(line)
				if pet.name == name:
					return pet
		return None

class Application(object):
	"""
	程序运行流程控制
	"""
	__instance = None
	def __new__(cls,*args,**kwargs):
		if not cls.__instance:
			cls.__instance = super(Application,cls).__new__(cls,*args,**kwargs)
		return cls.__instance

	def __input_pet_info(self):
		pet_id = input(u'请输入宠物编号：')
		pet_name = input(u'请输入宠物名字：')
		pet_type = input(u'请输入宠物类型：')
		pet_price = input(u'请输入寄养价格：')
		manager.add_pet(pet_id,pet_name,pet_type,pet_price)
		print(u'恭喜！宠物添加成功！')

	def __print_all_pets(self):
		all_pets = manager.list_all_pets()
		print('id\tname\ttype\tprice')
		for pet in all_pets:
			print("{id}\t{name}\t{type}\t{price}".format(id=pet.id,name=pet.name,type=pet.type,price=pet.price))

	def __search_pet(self, name):
		pet = manager.search_pet(name)
		print(pet.id + '\t' + pet.name + '\t' + pet.type + 't' + pet.price)

	def run(self):
		print(u"宠物寄养系统")
		print(u'0. 退出程序')
		print(u"1. 添加新宠物")
		print(u"2. 显示所有宠物")
		print('3.查找宠物')
		while True:
			option = input(u'请输入操作序号：')
			if option == '0':
				break
			elif option == '1':
				self.__input_pet_info()
			elif option == '2':
				self.__print_all_pets()
			elif option == '3':
				k = input('请输入宠物名字')
				self.__search_pet(k)


manager = PetManager()
app = Application()
def main():
	app.run()

if __name__ == '__main__':
	main()