关于Python mediapipe 0.8.8.1 手部识别，提示Traceback (most recent call last)......TypeError......的问题

问题：

        前几天不小心更新了mediapipe至0.8.8.1，发现以前写的手部识别小程序无法成功运行，系统提示TypeError。我想试试，对比官网教程里的程序来寻找错误，官网链接如下：Advance Computer Vision with Python - Computer Vision Zone

        教程里的Hand Tracking Module（手部追踪模块）程序：

"""
Hand Tracing Module
By: Murtaza Hassan
Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/c/MurtazasWorkshopRoboticsandAI
Website: https://www.computervision.zone
"""
import cv2
import mediapipe as mp
import time
class handDetector():
    def __init__(self, mode=False, maxHands=2, detectionCon=0.5, trackCon=0.5):
        self.mode = mode
        self.maxHands = maxHands
        self.detectionCon = detectionCon
        self.trackCon = trackCon
        self.mpHands = mp.solutions.hands
        self.hands = self.mpHands.Hands(self.mode, self.maxHands,
                                        self.detectionCon, self.trackCon)
        self.mpDraw = mp.solutions.drawing_utils
    def findHands(self, img, draw=True):
        imgRGB = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
        self.results = self.hands.process(imgRGB)
        # print(results.multi_hand_landmarks)
        if self.results.multi_hand_landmarks:
            for handLms in self.results.multi_hand_landmarks:
                if draw:
                    self.mpDraw.draw_landmarks(img, handLms,
                                               self.mpHands.HAND_CONNECTIONS)
        return img
    def findPosition(self, img, handNo=0, draw=True):
        lmList = []
        if self.results.multi_hand_landmarks:
            myHand = self.results.multi_hand_landmarks[handNo]
            for id, lm in enumerate(myHand.landmark):
                # print(id, lm)
                h, w, c = img.shape
                cx, cy = int(lm.x * w), int(lm.y * h)
                # print(id, cx, cy)
                lmList.append([id, cx, cy])
                if draw:
                    cv2.circle(img, (cx, cy), 15, (255, 0, 255), cv2.FILLED)
        return lmList
def main():
    pTime = 0
    cTime = 0
    cap = cv2.VideoCapture(1)
    detector = handDetector()
    while True:
        success, img = cap.read()
        img = detector.findHands(img)
        lmList = detector.findPosition(img)
        if len(lmList) != 0:
            print(lmList[4])
        cTime = time.time()
        fps = 1 / (cTime - pTime)
        pTime = cTime
        cv2.putText(img, str(int(fps)), (10, 70), cv2.FONT_HERSHEY_PLAIN, 3,
                    (255, 0, 255), 3)
        cv2.imshow("Image", img)
        cv2.waitKey(1)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

        但是用官网教程里的程序时，依然发生了运行错误，且错误原因同为TypeError。我只能自己去找bug。错误截图如下：

         根据Traceback，错误锁定至教程程序的line 17：

self.hands = self.mpHands.Hands(self.mode, self.maxHands,
                                self.detectionCon, self.trackCon)

         发现在mediapipe.solutions.hands里的class Hands中，__init__中有5个参数（line 89），而更新前只有4个参数。

        mediapipe 0.8.8.1更新后：

  def __init__(self,
               static_image_mode=False,
               max_num_hands=2,
               model_complexity=1,
               min_detection_confidence=0.5,
               min_tracking_confidence=0.5):

        更新前：

        更新后多了model_complexity这一项参数，后面有注释model_complexity只能为0或1的整数。没错，TypeError就出现在这里。在教程程序中，默认mode=False, maxHands=2, detectionCon=0.5, trackCon=0.5，所以教程程序出错的第17行等同于

​self.hands = self.mpHands.Hands(False,2,0.5, 0.5)

        而库的更新导致__init__中参数的顺序出现偏差。导致第3项self.detectionCon的0.5赋值给了只能为整数的model_complexity，从而产生TypeError。

解决方法：

方法1：

        将17行改为

        self.hands = self.mpHands.Hands(static_image_mode=self.mode, max_num_hands=self.maxHands,
                                        min_detection_confidence=self.detectionCon, min_tracking_confidence=self.trackCon)

方法2：

        补全5个参数，11行改为

    def __init__(self, mode=False, max_hands=2, complexity_con=1, detection_con=0.5, track_con=0.5):

        在__init__里插入

        self.complexityCon = complexity_con

        原17行改为

        self.hands = self.mpHands.Hands(self.mode, self.maxHands, self.complexityCon,
                                        self.detectionCon, self.trackCon)