每天一个设计模式之Decorator

http://www.oodesign.com/decorator-pattern.html

 

前面一天是composite，所以今天就看decorator了。

 

下面这句话总结的很好：

想要扩展一个对象的功能，可以通过继承的方式静态（编译时）实现。然而有时必须在运行时动态的扩展一个对象的功能。

 

再提咖啡店的例子：咖啡店出售咖啡，或加了各种糖或调料的咖啡。我们需要在运行的时候，决定这是一个什么样的对象：pure coffee 或者是加了其他东西的咖啡。对于后者，就是一个在运行时加入了其他对象（糖）的对象。

• The intent of this pattern is to add additional responsibilities dynamically to an object

 

• Component - Interface for objects that can have responsibilities added to them dynamically.
• ConcreteComponent - Defines an object to which additional responsibilities can be added. 就相当于咖啡
• Decorator - Maintains a reference to a Component object and defines an interface that conforms to Component's interface. 相当于加了糖的咖啡，是一个复合对象。
• Concrete Decorators - Concrete Decorators extend the functionality of the component by adding state or adding behavior. 可以用于添加的各种对象，相当于糖，牛奶等。

Consequences

• Decoration is more convenient for adding functionalities to objects instead of entire classes at runtime. With decoration it is also possible to remove the added functionalities dynamically.
• Decoration adds functionality to objects at runtime which would make debugging system functionality harder.