线段树 2016.4.13

一、定义

线段树(Segment Tree )是一种二叉搜索树

不是真正的完全二叉树,但十分近似

它将一个区间划分成一些单元区间,每个单元区间对应线段树中的一个叶结点

对于线段树中的每一个非叶子节点[a, b],它的左儿子表示的区间为[a, (a+b)/2],右儿子表示的区间为[(a+b)/2+1 ,b]
因此线段树是平衡二叉树

由于二叉树结构的特性,它基本能保持每个操作的时间复杂度为O(logN)

线段树在数组存储的方式下需要占用的空间约为4N

这里写图片描述

二、创建线段树

如果当前结点记录的区间只有一个值,则直接赋值
否则递归构造左右子树
回溯的时候给当前结点赋值

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int val;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].val);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].val = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
    }
}

这里写图片描述

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int Max;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].Max);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].Max = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].Max = max(Tree[index*2].Max, Tree[index*2+1].Max);
    }
}

这里写图片描述

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int sum;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].sum);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].sum = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].sum = Tree[index*2].sum + Tree[index*2+1].sum;
    }
}

这里写图片描述

三、单结点更新 + 区间查询

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int sum;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);
void Update(int target, int add, int index);
int Query(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    Update(2, 2, 1);
    printf("%d\n", Query(1, 4, 1));
    printf("%d\n", Query(4, 5, 1));
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].sum);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].sum = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].sum = Tree[index*2].sum + Tree[index*2+1].sum;
    }
}

void Update(int target, int add, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == Tree[index].right && Tree[index].left == target) {
        Tree[index].sum += add;
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (target <= mid) {
            Update(target, add, index*2);
        } else {
            Update(target, add, index*2+1);
        }
        Tree[index].sum = Tree[index*2].sum + Tree[index*2+1].sum;
    }
}

int Query(int low, int high, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high) {
        return Tree[index].sum;
    } else {
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right-Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (high <= mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2+1);
        } else {
            return Query(low, mid, index*2) + Query(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        }
    }
}
void Update(int target, int add, int index);

Update(2, 2, 1);

Query(1, 4, 1) = 12;
Query(4, 5, 1) = 9;

这里写图片描述

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int Max;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);
void Update(int target, int val, int index);
int Query(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    Update(3, 6, 1);
    printf("%d\n", Query(2, 5, 1));
    printf("%d\n", Query(3, 4, 1));
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].Max);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].Max = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].Max = max(Tree[index*2].Max, Tree[index*2+1].Max);
    }
}

void Update(int target, int val, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == Tree[index].right && Tree[index].left == target) {
        Tree[index].Max = val;
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (target <= mid) {
            Update(target, val, index*2);
        } else {
            Update(target, val, index*2+1);
        }
        Tree[index].Max = max(Tree[index*2].Max, Tree[index*2+1].Max);
    }
}

int Query(int low, int high, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high) {
        return Tree[index].Max;
    } else {
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right-Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (high <= mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2+1);
        } else {
            return max(Query(low, mid, index*2), Query(mid+1, high, index*2+1));
        }
    }
}
void Update(int target, int val, int index);
Update(3, 6, 1);

Query(2, 5, 1) = 6;
Query(3, 4, 1) = 6;

这里写图片描述

四、区间更新 + 区间查询

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int val;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);
void Update(int low, int high, int val, int index);
int Query(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    Build(1, 5, 1);
//    Update(2, 3, 2, 1);
//    Update(4, 5, 3, 1);
//    printf("%d\n", Query(1, 3, 1));
    Update(1, 3, 2, 1);
    Update(4, 4, 3, 1);
    printf("%d\n", Query(1, 4, 1));
    printf("%d\n", Query(1, 2, 1));
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].val);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    Tree[index].val = 1;
    if (low == high) {
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
    }
}

void Update(int low, int high, int val, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].val == val || (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high)) {
        Tree[index].val = val;
        return;
    } else {
        if (Tree[index].val != 0) {
            Tree[index*2].val = Tree[index].val;
            Tree[index*2+1].val = Tree[index].val;
            Tree[index].val = 0;
        }
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (high <= mid) {
            Update(low, high, val, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            Update(low, high, val, index*2+1);
        } else {
            Update(low, mid, val, index*2);
            Update(mid+1, high, val, index*2+1);
        }
    }
}

int Query(int low, int high, int index)
{
    int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
    if (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high) {
        if (Tree[index].val != 0) {
            return Tree[index].val * (high-low+1);
        } else {
            return Query(low, mid, index*2) + Query(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        }
    } else {
        if (high <= mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2+1);
        } else {
            return Query(low, mid, index*2) + Query(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        }
    }
}

这里写图片描述

void Update(int low, int high, int val, int index);
Update(2, 3, 2, 1);
Update(4, 5, 3, 1);

Query(1, 3, 1) = 5;

这里写图片描述

Update(1, 3, 2, 1);
Update(4, 4, 3, 1);

Query(1, 4, 1) = 9;
Query(1, 2, 1) = 2;

这里写图片描述

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>

using namespace std;

struct SegTree {
    int left, right;
    int sum;
    int val;
};

const int maxn = 5 + 5;
int num[maxn];
SegTree Tree[maxn * 4];

void Build(int low, int high, int index);
void Update(int low, int high, int add, int index);
int Query(int low, int high, int index);

int main()
{
    for (int i=1; i<=5; ++i) {
        num[i] = i;
    }
    Build(1, 5, 1);
    Update(2, 3, 2, 1);
    printf("%d\n", Query(2, 2, 1));
    printf("%d\n", Query(3, 4, 1));
    Update(4, 5, 3, 1);
    printf("%d\n", Query(5, 5, 1));
    for (int i=1; i<=9; ++i) {
        printf("%d %d %d\n", Tree[i].left, Tree[i].right, Tree[i].sum);
    }
    return 0;
}

void Build(int low, int high, int index)
{
    Tree[index].left = low;
    Tree[index].right = high;
    Tree[index].val = 0;
    if (low == high) {
        Tree[index].sum = num[low];
        return;
    } else {
        int mid = low + (high-low)/2;
        Build(low, mid, index*2);
        Build(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].sum = Tree[index*2].sum + Tree[index*2+1].sum;
    }
}

void Update(int low, int high, int add, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high) {
        Tree[index].val += add;
        return;
    } else {
        Tree[index].sum += add * (high-low+1);
        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
        if (high <= mid) {
            Update(low, high, add, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            Update(low, high, add, index*2+1);
        } else {
            Update(low, mid, add, index*2);
            Update(mid+1, high, add, index*2+1);
        }
    }
}

int Query(int low, int high, int index)
{
    if (Tree[index].left == low && Tree[index].right == high) {
        return Tree[index].sum + (high-low + 1) * Tree[index].val;
    } else {
        Tree[index].sum += (Tree[index].right-Tree[index].left + 1) * Tree[index].val;

        int mid = Tree[index].left + (Tree[index].right - Tree[index].left)/2;
        Update(Tree[index].left, mid, Tree[index].val, index*2);
        Update(mid+1, Tree[index].right, Tree[index].val, index*2+1);
        Tree[index].val = 0;

        if (high <= mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2);
        } else if (low > mid) {
            return Query(low, high, index*2+1);
        } else {
            return Query(low, mid, index*2) + Query(mid+1, high, index*2+1);
        }
    }
}
void Update(int low, int high, int add, int index);
Update(2, 3, 2, 1);

这里写图片描述

Query(2, 2, 1) = 4;
Query(3, 4, 1) = 9;
Update(4, 5, 3, 1);

这里写图片描述

Query(5, 5, 1)

这里写图片描述

Query(5, 5, 1) = 8;
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