关于Spring "通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'XXXXX' 的声明" 的错误

学习spring进行配置时遇到报错：

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 193 in XML document from class path resource [org/wpc/xml/applicationContext.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 193; columnNumber: 17; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'aop:config' 的声明。

完整的错误提示如下：

```handlebars
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-13\bin\java.exe" -Didea.launcher.port=52563 "-Didea.launcher.bin.path=C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\java_study\IDEA_study\out\production\SprigProject;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-aop-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-beans-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-context-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-core-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-expression-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\commons-logging-1.1.1.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-tx-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\mysql-connector-java-5.1.48.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\commons-dbcp-1.4.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\commons-pool-1.6.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\spring-jdbc-4.3.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\aopalliance-1.0.jar;C:\java_study\IDEA_study\SprigProject\src\org\wpc\lib\aspectjweaver-1.5.3.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2019.1\lib\idea_rt.jar" com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2 org.wpc.test.Test
2月 12, 2020 4:45:50 下午 org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext prepareRefresh
信息: Refreshing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@16b3fc9e: startup date [Wed Feb 12 16:45:50 CST 2020]; root of context hierarchy
2月 12, 2020 4:45:50 下午 org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader loadBeanDefinitions
信息: Loading XML bean definitions from class path resource [org/wpc/xml/applicationContext.xml]
Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 193 in XML document from class path resource [org/wpc/xml/applicationContext.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 193; columnNumber: 17; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'aop:config' 的声明。
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:399)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:336)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:304)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:181)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:217)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:188)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:252)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:127)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractXmlApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractXmlApplicationContext.java:93)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.refreshBeanFactory(AbstractRefreshableApplicationContext.java:129)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.obtainFreshBeanFactory(AbstractApplicationContext.java:614)
	at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:515)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:139)
	at org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.<init>(ClassPathXmlApplicationContext.java:83)
	at org.wpc.test.Test.testAop(Test.java:67)
	at org.wpc.test.Test.main(Test.java:31)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:567)
	at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMainV2.main(AppMainV2.java:131)
Caused by: org.xml.sax.SAXParseException; lineNumber: 193; columnNumber: 17; cvc-complex-type.2.4.c: 通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'aop:config' 的声明。
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.createSAXParseException(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:204)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.util.ErrorHandlerWrapper.error(ErrorHandlerWrapper.java:135)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:396)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:327)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLErrorReporter.reportError(XMLErrorReporter.java:284)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator$XSIErrorReporter.reportError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:511)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.reportSchemaError(XMLSchemaValidator.java:3587)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.handleStartElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:2143)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.xs.XMLSchemaValidator.startElement(XMLSchemaValidator.java:829)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.scanStartElement(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:374)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl$FragmentContentDriver.next(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:2725)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLDocumentScannerImpl.java:605)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.next(XMLNSDocumentScannerImpl.java:112)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.impl.XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.scanDocument(XMLDocumentFragmentScannerImpl.java:541)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:888)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XML11Configuration.parse(XML11Configuration.java:824)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.XMLParser.parse(XMLParser.java:141)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.parsers.DOMParser.parse(DOMParser.java:246)
	at java.xml/com.sun.org.apache.xerces.internal.jaxp.DocumentBuilderImpl.parse(DocumentBuilderImpl.java:339)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.DefaultDocumentLoader.loadDocument(DefaultDocumentLoader.java:76)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadDocument(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:429)
	at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:391)
	... 20 more

Process finished with exit code 1

经过查询之后发现错误是因为applicationContext.xml文件出问题。具体是因为applicationContext.xml的头文件没有写完整。

报错时的头文件如下：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName"
>

在xsi:schemaLocation=中少了 http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd。
所以才会提示：通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 'aop:config' 的声明。

添加完整的头文件如下：

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"
        default-autowire="byName"
>

总结：

对于出现"通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 ‘XXXXX’ 的声明" 的报错信息，应该根据对应的错误信息进行添加schemaLocation。
比如：
提示信息为：通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 ‘aop:config’ 的声明。对应于

http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.3.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 

提示信息为：”通配符的匹配很全面, 但无法找到元素 ‘context:component-scan’ 的声明“对应于

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

根据自己对应的提示错误进行添加schemaLocation。