利用Spring事务实现转账案例

1. 为什么需要事务？

Service层在每次调用dao层的的方法时都会创建一个connection。所以每个方法执行过程是不相关的。如果在实际中执行一系列有关联的操作，就无法确保一致性。故需要事务。

2. 如何实现事务？

使用ThreadLocal对象把Connection和当前线程绑定，从而使一个线程中只有一个Connection对象。

1）编写一个ConnectionUtils用ThreadLocal绑定一个connection

这里的DataSource用于创建connection，通过spring依赖注入实例化。

public class ConnectionUtils {
    private ThreadLocal<Connection> tl = new ThreadLocal<Connection>();
    private DataSource dataSource;

    public void setDataSource(DataSource dataSource) {
        this.dataSource = dataSource;
    }

    public Connection getThreadConnection(){
        try {
            Connection connection = tl.get();
            if(connection == null){
                connection = dataSource.getConnection();
                tl.set(connection);
            }
            return connection;
        }catch (SQLException sqlException) {
            throw new RuntimeException();
        }
    }

    public void releaseConnection(){
        tl.remove();
    }
}

2) 编写TransactionManager实现事务的基本操作(创建事务，提交事务，回滚事务，关闭事务)

这里的connectionUtils 也是通过Spirng依赖注入实例化。

public class TransactionManager {
    private ConnectionUtils connectionUtils;

    public TransactionManager(ConnectionUtils connectionUtils){
        this.connectionUtils = connectionUtils;
    }

    public void setConnectionUtils(ConnectionUtils connectionUtils) {
        this.connectionUtils = connectionUtils;
    }

    public void beginTransaction(){
        try {
            connectionUtils.getThreadConnection().setAutoCommit(false);
        } catch (SQLException sqlException) {
            sqlException.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void commit(){
        try {
            connectionUtils.getThreadConnection().commit();
        } catch (SQLException sqlException) {
            sqlException.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void close(){
        try {
            connectionUtils.getThreadConnection().close();
            connectionUtils.releaseConnection();
        } catch (SQLException sqlException) {
            sqlException.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    public void rollback(){
        try {
            connectionUtils.getThreadConnection().rollback();
        } catch (SQLException sqlException) {
            sqlException.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

3）修改Dao层方法

@Override
public void updateAccount(Account account) {
    try {
        queryRunner.update(connectionUtils.getThreadConnection(),"update account set money = ? where id = ?", account.getMoney(), account.getId());
    } catch (SQLException sqlException) {
        sqlException.printStackTrace();
    }
}

此时的queryRunner由于初始化的时候没有注入dataSource。所以这里connectionUtils.getThreadConnection()获取存在ThreadLocal中的connection。

4）修改Service，添加事务操作。

public void transfer(String source, String to, float money) {
    try {
        // 1. 开启事务
        tsManager.beginTransaction();
        // 2. 执行sql语句
        Account sourceAccount = accountDao.getAccountByName(source);
        Account toAccount = accountDao.getAccountByName(to);
        sourceAccount.setMoney(sourceAccount.getMoney() - money);
        toAccount.setMoney(toAccount.getMoney() + money);
        accountDao.updateAccount(sourceAccount);
        System.out.println(1/0);
        accountDao.updateAccount(toAccount);
        // 3. commit
        tsManager.commit();
    }catch (Exception e){
        tsManager.rollback();
        e.printStackTrace();
        throw new RuntimeException();
    }finally {
        // 4.关闭连接
        tsManager.close();
    }
}

5）修改bean.xml,补全依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
        <context:component-scan base-package="com.xzp"></context:component-scan>
        <bean id="accountService" class="com.xzp.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl">
            <property name="accountDao" ref="accountDao"></property>
            <property name="tsManager" ref="tsManager"></property>
        </bean>
        <bean id="accountDao" class="com.xzp.dao.impl.AccountDaoImpl">
            <property name="queryRunner" ref="queryRunner"></property>
            <property name="connectionUtils" ref="connectionUtils"></property>
        </bean>

        <bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">

        </bean>
        <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/spring01"></property>
            <property name="user" value="root"></property>
            <property name="password" value="a8t9f5j8"></property>
        </bean>

    <bean id="connectionUtils" class="com.xzp.utils.ConnectionUtils">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="tsManager" class="com.xzp.utils.TransactionManager">
        <property name="connectionUtils" ref="connectionUtils"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>