C++Primer5th课后题9.51_日期类

头文件data.h的内容为：

#pragma once
#ifndef DATE_H_INCLUDED
#define DATE_H_INCLUDED
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>
#include<stdexcept>

using namespace std;
//编写构造函数，接受一个string日期，
class date
{
public:
    friend ostream & operator<<(ostream& out, const date& d);

    date() = default;
    date(string &ds);

    unsigned y() const { return year; }
    unsigned m() const { return month; }
    unsigned d() const { return day; }

private:
    unsigned year, month, day;
};
const string month_name[] = { "January", "February", "March", "April", "May", "June", "July", "August", "September", "October", "November", "December" };
const string month_abbr[] = { "Jan", "Feb", "Mar", "Apr", "May", "Jun", "Jul", "Aug", "Sept", "Oct", "Nov", "Dec" };
const int days[] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };

inline int get_month(string &ds, int &end_of_month)
{
    int i,j;
    for (i = 0; i < 12; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < month_abbr[i].size(); j++)
            if (ds[j] != month_abbr[i][j])
                break;
        if (j == month_abbr[i].size())//与月份的简称相同，不小
            break;
    }
    if (i == 12)//12次循环都没找到，出错了
        throw invalid_argument("月份不对");
    if (ds[j] == ' ') {//for循环中j已经++了
        end_of_month = j + 1;//end_of_month为引用，所以要改变调用它的值?为何+1,空白符下一个为p
        return i + 1;//下标从0开始的
    }
    //否则考虑是否是月份全称
    for (;j < month_name[i].size(); j++) {
        if (ds[j] != month_name[i][j])
            throw invalid_argument("月份全称不对");
    }
    if (ds[j] == ' ') {//全称结束，且其后为空格
        end_of_month = j+1;//为何为+1？因p为下一个非空格
        return i + 1;
    }
    else
        throw invalid_argument("月份全称过多");

}
inline int get_day(string &ds, int month, int &p)//引入i, p定位用，还要修改，所以用引用
{
    size_t q;
    int day;
    day = stoi(ds.substr(p), &q);
    if (day < 1 || day > days[month])
        throw invalid_argument("日期错误");
    p += q;
    return day;
}
inline int get_year(string &ds, int &p)
{
    int year;
    size_t q;
    year = stoi(ds.substr(p), &q);
    if (p + q != ds.size())
        throw invalid_argument("结尾出错");
    return year;
}
date::date(string &ds)
{
    int p;
    size_t q;
    if ((p = ds.find_first_of("0123456789")) == ds.npos)//注意逻辑，不清要加上括号
        throw invalid_argument("没有数字");
    if (p > 0) {
        month = get_month(ds, p);
        day = get_day(ds, month, p);
        if (ds[p] != ' ' && ds[p] != '，')
            throw invalid_argument("月与年之间的间隔符出错");
        p++;//去掉间隔符
        year = get_year(ds, p);
    }
    else {
        month = stoi(ds, &q);
        p = q;//month引用中，参数为int,故q转为int的p
        if (month < 1 || month >12)
            throw invalid_argument("月份错误");
        if (ds[p++] != '/')
            throw invalid_argument("间隔符出错");
        day = get_day(ds, month, p);
        if (ds[p++] != '/')
            throw invalid_argument("间隔符出错");
        year = get_year(ds, p);

        //month = ds.find_first_of("0123456789")
    }
}
//给cout << date;的构造函数
ostream & operator<<(ostream& out, const date& d)
{
    out << d.y() << "年" << d.m() << "月" << d.d() << "日" << endl;
    return out;
}
#endif

main函数内容 为：

//--------------------------Main函数--------------------------------------------------------
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<stdexcept>
#include<vector>
#include"date.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
    string dates[] = {"Jan 1 2014", 
        "Feb 1 2014",
        "February 1 2014",
        "3/1/2014"
        "3 1 2014",
    };
    try {
        for (auto ds : dates) {
            date d1(ds);
            cout << d1;
        }
    }
    catch (invalid_argument e) {
        cout << e.what() << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}