python-多行代码编程技巧-代码太长时需要多行编写怎么做-多行字符串、多行推导式、多行列表/元组/字典/数组

一、多行编写“长字符串”

1.1 直接三引号""" """

multi_line_string = """this is line number 1
this is line number 2
this is line number 3
this is line number 4"""
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1
# this is line number 2
# this is line number 3
# this is line number 4

这种多行字符串的劣势在于：输入的时候换行，那么这个字符串在换行的位置插入了一个\n符号，所以严格来说并不能实现我们所说的输出一行长字符串但是输入的形式是多行。

注意，单双引号，输入形式不允许是多行但不加反斜杠符号。代码如下所示，出错了。

multi_line_string = "this is line number 1
this is line number 2
this is line number 3
this is line number 4"
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal

如果不想换行，可以在行尾添加反斜杠。

multi_line_string = """this is line number 1\
this is line number 2\
this is line number 3\
this is line number 4"""
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1this is line number 2this is line number 3this is line number 4

 

1.2 单双引号和反斜杠

multi_line_string = "this is line number 1\
this is line number 2\
this is line number 3\
this is line number 4"
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1this is line number 2this is line number 3this is line number 4

1.3 单双引号和圆括号

 每一行字符串，都需要加一对单双引号；最后输出的是一行字符串。

multi_line_string = ("this is line number 1"
"this is line number 2"
"this is line number 3"
"this is line number 4")
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1this is line number 2this is line number 3this is line number 4

将圆括号和反斜杠符配合，在每一次换行的位置加反斜杠，就可以在这多行字符串上只加一对单双引号了。

multi_line_string = ("this is line number 1\
this is line number 2\
this is line number 3\
this is line number 4")
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1this is line number 2this is line number 3this is line number 4

1.4 易错点：禁止存在缩进

在编程的时候，如果处于if、for语句的代码块内，字符串在手动换行时可能会自动缩进；这时候编译器没办法把这些缩进去除，从而影响输出结果。

multi_line_string = """this is line number 1\
                       this is line number 2\
                       this is line number 3\
                       this is line number 4"""
 
print(multi_line_string)
 
# this is line number 1                       this is line number 2                       this is line number 3                       this is line number 4

二、多行编写“长推导式”

要想多行形式写入长推导式，可以直接换行，比如下面的代码

class_list = [c for c in os.listdir(all_file_dir) 
              if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(all_file_dir, c)) 
              and not c.endswith('Set') 
              and not c.startswith('.')]

同时，为了增强可读性 ，建议一块一块地换行，比如and逻辑语句的前一块和后一块。

三、多行编写“长序列”

只要你每一次换行不拆分一个单独的数，就不会出问题。 

list1 = [1,
         2,
         3,
         4]

print(list1)

# [1, 2, 3, 4]

由于换行不作为数与数之间的分隔符，所以下面的第二个代码块就出错了。 

list1 = [1,
         22,
         3,
         4]

print(list1) # [1, 22, 3, 4]



# ---------------------------------

list1 = [1,
         2
         2,
         3,
         4]

print(list1)  # SyntaxError: invalid syntax