C++实现工厂模式(简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式)

Pailugou

已于 2023-04-10 10:19:55 修改

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分类专栏： c++ 设计模式工厂模式文章标签： c++ 简单工厂模式工厂方法模式抽象工厂模式

于 2023-04-07 09:31:03 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Pailugou/article/details/130004063

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本文介绍了设计模式中的工厂模式，包括简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式和抽象工厂模式。简单工厂模式易于理解但不遵循开闭原则；工厂方法模式允许扩展，但可能导致大量工厂类；抽象工厂模式适用于多个产品线的场景，虽然代码量大但更灵活。在实际项目中，应根据需求选择合适的设计模式。

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设计模式中的工厂模式，在项目中使用还是很频繁，工厂模式细分为三种：简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式。
## 简单工厂模式
class Widget
{
public:
	typedef enum
	{
		WidgetA = 0,
		WidgetB
	}Type;
	explicit Widget(Type type) :m_type(type)
	{
		
	}

	virtual ~Widget()
	{

	}
protected:
	Type m_type;
};

class WidgteA : public Widget 
{
public:
	explicit WidgteA(Type type) :Widget(type)
	{
		std::cout << "创建A窗口" << std::endl;
	}

};

class WidgteB : public Widget
{
public:
	explicit WidgteB(Type type) :Widget(type)
	{
		std::cout << "创建B窗口" << std::endl;
	}

};

class FactoryWidget
{
public:
	explicit FactoryWidget(){}

	Widget* WinFactory(Widget::Type type)
	{
		switch (type)
		{
		case Widget::WidgetA:
			return new WidgteA(type);
		case Widget::WidgetB:
			return new WidgteB(type);
		default:
			break;
		}

		return nullptr;
	}
};
简单工厂模式的优缺点：
优点：简单，容易理解，但是违背设计原则中的开闭原则
缺点：就上面的例子，如果增加一个新的窗口，就要修改原先的代码很不方便
## 工厂方法模式
class Actor
{
public:
	explicit Actor(int type, std::string name) 
		: m_iType(type)
		, m_strName(name)
	{

	}

	virtual ~Actor()
	{

	}

private:
	int m_iType;

	std::string m_strName;
};

class ActorA : public Actor
{
public:
	explicit ActorA(int type, std::string name)
		: Actor(type, name)
	{
		std::cout << "角色创建:"<< name << std::endl;
	}
	virtual ~ActorA()
	{

	}
};

class ActorB : public Actor
{
public:
	explicit ActorB(int type, std::string name)
		: Actor(type, name)
	{
		std::cout << "角色创建:"<<name << std::endl;
	}
	virtual ~ActorB()
	{

	}
};
//
class Factory
{
public:
	explicit Factory(int type, const std::string name)
		: m_iType(type)
		, m_strName(name)
	{
		
	}
	virtual ~Factory()
	{

	}

	virtual Actor* creatFactory()
	{
		return new Actor(m_iType, m_strName);
	}
protected:
	int m_iType;
	std::string m_strName;
};

class FactoryA : public Factory
{

public:
	explicit FactoryA(int type, const std::string name)
		: Factory(type, name)
	{
		std::cout << "工厂:" << name << std::endl;
	}

	Actor* creatActor()
	{
		return new ActorA(m_iType, m_strName);
	}
};

class FactoryB : public Factory
{

public:
	explicit FactoryB(int type, const std::string name)
		: Factory(type, name)
	{
		std::cout << "工厂:" << name << std::endl;
	}

	Actor* creatActor()
	{
		return new ActorB(m_iType, m_strName);
	}
};


template<typename T>
class ActorFactory
{
public:
	explicit ActorFactory()
	{

	}
	virtual ~ActorFactory()
	{

	}
	T* creatorFactory(const int type, const std::string name)
	{
		return new T(type, name);
	}
};
工厂方法模式的优缺点：
优点：上面的例子如果增加新的角色，直接派生基类增加，和增加新的工厂即可，不影响原来的代码，符合开闭原则
缺点：一个工厂只能进行一个角色的诞生，有多少角色就有多少工厂，
## 抽象工厂模式
class Body
{
public:
	explicit Body(std::string name) :m_strName(name)
	{

	}
	virtual ~Body() {}

	virtual std::string getBodyName() = 0;
protected:
	std::string m_strName;
};

class Clothes
{
public:
	explicit Clothes(std::string name) :m_strName(name)
	{

	}
	virtual ~Clothes() {}
	virtual std::string getClothesName() = 0;

protected:
	std::string m_strName;
};

class Shoe
{
public:
	explicit Shoe(std::string name)
		: m_strName(name)
	{

	}
	virtual ~Shoe() {}
	virtual std::string getShoeName() = 0;

protected:
	std::string m_strName;
};

class DollBody : public Body
{
public:
	explicit DollBody(std::string name)
		: Body(name)
	{

	}

	std::string getBodyName()
	{
		return m_strName;
	}

private:

};

class DollClothes : public Clothes
{
public:
	explicit DollClothes(std::string name) :Clothes(name)
	{

	}

	std::string getClothesName()
	{
		return m_strName;
	}

private:

};


class DollShoe : public Shoe
{
public:
	explicit DollShoe(std::string name) : Shoe(name)
	{

	}

	std::string getShoeName()
	{
		return m_strName;
	}

private:

};
class Doll
{
public:
	explicit Doll( Body* pBody,  Clothes* pClothes,  Shoe* pShoe)
		: m_pBody(pBody)
		, m_pClothes(pClothes)
		, m_pShoe(pShoe)
	{

	}
	void Assemble()
	{
		std::cout << m_pBody->getBodyName() << std::endl;;
		std::cout << m_pClothes->getClothesName() << std::endl;
		std::cout << m_pShoe->getShoeName()<<std::endl;
	}

private:
	Body* m_pBody;
	Clothes* m_pClothes;
	Shoe* m_pShoe;
};

class FactoryAbs
{
public:
	virtual ~FactoryAbs() {}

	virtual Body* creatBody() = 0;
	virtual Clothes* creatClothes() = 0;
	virtual Shoe* creatShoe() = 0;
	virtual std::string name() = 0;
protected:
	std::string m_strName;
};

class ZheJiangFactory : public FactoryAbs
{
public:
	explicit ZheJiangFactory(std::string name)
		: m_strName(name)
	{

	}
	virtual ~ZheJiangFactory()
	{

	}

	Body* creatBody()
	{
		return new DollBody("浙江生产玩具身体");
	}

	Clothes* creatClothes()
	{
		return new DollClothes("浙江生产玩具衣服");
	}

	Shoe* creatShoe()
	{
		return new DollShoe("浙江生产玩具鞋");
	}

	std::string name()
	{
		return m_strName;
	}

private:
	std::string m_strName;
};

class JiangSuFactory : public FactoryAbs
{
public:
	explicit JiangSuFactory(std::string name)
		: m_strName(name)
	{

	}
	virtual ~JiangSuFactory()
	{

	}
	 Body* creatBody()
	{
		return new DollBody("江苏生产玩具身体");
	}

	 Clothes* creatClothes()
	{
		return new DollClothes("江苏生产玩具衣服");
	}

	 Shoe* creatShoe()
	{
		return new DollShoe("江苏生产玩具鞋");
	}

	 std::string name()
	{
		return m_strName;
	}

private:
	std::string m_strName;
};
抽象工厂模式的优缺点：
优点：代码扩展灵活，符合开闭原则
缺点：代码量大，复杂

方法调用
int main()
{
	//工厂方法模式
	Actor* pB = (new ActorFactory<FactoryB>())->creatorFactory(0, "B")->creatActor();
	Actor* pA = (new ActorFactory<FactoryA>())->creatorFactory(0, "A")->creatActor();

	//简单工厂模式
	FactoryWidget* pFwin = new FactoryWidget();
	Widget* pWinA = pFwin->WinFactory(Widget::WidgetA);
	Widget* pWinB = pFwin->WinFactory(Widget::WidgetB);

	//抽象工厂模式
	FactoryAbs* pZheJiangFactory = new ZheJiangFactory("浙江工厂");
	Body* pBody = pZheJiangFactory->creatBody();
	Clothes* pClothes = pZheJiangFactory->creatClothes();
	Shoe* pShoe = pZheJiangFactory->creatShoe();
	Doll* pDoll = new Doll(pBody, pClothes, pShoe);
	pDoll->Assemble();

	FactoryAbs* pJiangSuFactory = new JiangSuFactory("江苏工厂");
	Body* pBody1 = pJiangSuFactory->creatBody();
	Clothes* pClothes1 = pJiangSuFactory->creatClothes();
	Shoe* pShoe1 = pJiangSuFactory->creatShoe();
	Doll* pDoll1 = new Doll(pBody1, pClothes1, pShoe1);
	pDoll1->Assemble();

	//多个工厂配合生产一个产品
	FactoryAbs* pZheJiangFactory1 = new ZheJiangFactory("浙江工厂");
	Body* pZJBody = pZheJiangFactory1->creatBody();

	FactoryAbs* pJiangSuFactory1 = new JiangSuFactory("江苏工厂");
	Clothes* pJSClothes1 = pJiangSuFactory1->creatClothes();
	Shoe* pJSShoe1 = pJiangSuFactory1->creatShoe();
	Doll* pM = new Doll(pZJBody, pJSClothes1, pJSShoe1);
	pM->Assemble();
	return 0;
}

以上就是工厂模式中的三种模式，各有优缺点，如果不牵扯到代码的扩展，用简单的工厂模式，简单方便，容易理解，如果有代码的扩展需求，工厂方法模式比较合适，但是，需要定义很多工厂，工厂代码太多，如果牵扯一个工厂有多个产品线，那只能使用抽象工厂模式，代码量大，比较复杂，所以在项目开发过程中，选择适合自己的设计模式是最重要的，灵活变通。