希望实现一个这样的应用,在一个Activity的左侧有一个列表,点击列表中的项,右侧就会显示对应项的详情页,如下图,本例中用接口来实现Fragment之间的通信
代码
设计一个MovieModel类模拟系统的数据模型
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.model;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
public class MovieModel {
public static class Movie{
Integer id;
String name;
String desc;
public Movie(Integer id, String name, String desc) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return name;
}
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
public static List<Movie> MOVIES=new ArrayList<>();
public static Map<Integer,Movie> MOVIEMAP=new HashMap<>();
static{
Movie m1=new Movie(1,"阿凡达", "《阿凡达》(Avatar)是一部由詹姆斯·卡梅隆执导,二十世纪福克斯出品," +
"萨姆·沃辛顿、佐伊·索尔达娜和西格妮·韦弗等人主演的科幻电影。");
Movie m2=new Movie(2,"星际穿越", "《星际穿越》(Interstellar)是克里斯托弗·诺兰执导的一部原创科幻冒险电影," +
"由马修·麦康纳、安妮·海瑟薇、杰西卡·查斯坦及迈克尔·凯恩主演。");
Movie m3=new Movie(3,"盗梦空间", "《盗梦空间》是由克里斯托弗·诺兰执导," +
"莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥,玛丽昂·歌迪亚等主演的电影。影片剧情游走于梦境与现实之间,被定义为“发生在意识结构内的当代动作科幻片”。");
add(m1);
add(m2);
add(m3);
}
private static void add(Movie movie){
MOVIES.add(movie);
MOVIEMAP.put(movie.getId(), movie);
}
}
activity_two_pane.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:divider="?android:attr/dividerHorizontal"
android:showDividers="middle"
tools:context=".practice.TwoPaneActivity">
<fragment
android:id="@+id/list"
android:name="com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.MovieListFragment"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"/>
<FrameLayout
android:id="@+id/detail"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="2"/>
</LinearLayout>
TwoPaneActivity.java 显示两个Fragment
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.R;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.DetailFragment;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.MovieListFragment;
public class TwoPaneActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MovieListFragment.Callbacks {
FragmentManager manager;
FragmentTransaction transaction;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_two_pane);
manager=getSupportFragmentManager();
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
}
@Override
public void onItemSelected(Integer id) {
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
//FragmentTransaction:在commit()方法之前调用addToBackStack方法将事务添加到Back栈,
//该栈由Activity管理,允许用户按Back按钮返回Fragment的上一个状态,如果不调用,用户
//点击Back按钮,会直接退出程序
transaction.replace(R.id.detail,new DetailFragment(id)).addToBackStack(null).commit();
}
}
MovieListFragment.java 显示Movie列表
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ListView;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.ListFragment;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.model.MovieModel;
public class MovieListFragment extends ListFragment {
private Callbacks mCallbacks;
public interface Callbacks{
public void onItemSelected(Integer id);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setListAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<MovieModel.Movie>(getActivity(), android.R.layout.simple_list_item_activated_1,
android.R.id.text1, MovieModel.MOVIES));
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
super.onAttach(activity);
//判断activity是否实现了Callbacks接口,若未实现,则抛出异常
if(!(activity instanceof Callbacks)){
throw new IllegalStateException("Activity没有实现Callbacks接口!");
}
mCallbacks=(Callbacks)activity;
}
@Override
public void onDetach() {
super.onDetach();
mCallbacks=null;
}
@Override
public void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
super.onListItemClick(l, v, position, id);
mCallbacks.onItemSelected(MovieModel.MOVIES.get(position).getId());
}
}
DetailFragment.java 用于显示Movie详情页
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.annotation.Nullable;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.R;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.model.MovieModel;
public class DetailFragment extends Fragment {
private MovieModel.Movie movie;
public DetailFragment(Integer id){
movie=MovieModel.MOVIEMAP.get(id);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
}
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(@NonNull LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View root=inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_detail, container,false);
TextView titleTv=root.findViewById(R.id.tv_title);
TextView detailTv=root.findViewById(R.id.tv_detail);
titleTv.setText(movie.getName());
detailTv.setText(movie.getDesc());
return root;
}
}
fragment_detail.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:padding="20dp">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_title"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="24sp"
android:text="title"/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_detail"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:textSize="20sp"
android:text="detail..."
android:layout_marginTop="10dp"/>
</LinearLayout>
核心思想
在MovieListFragment中定义Callbacks内部回调接口,声明一个onItemSelected方法,参数id表示要选中的Movie的id,令TwoPaneActivity实现Callbacks接口并重写其中的onItemSelected方法,将参数id传入DetailFragment的构造函数的参数中使DetailFragment知道它应该加载哪一个Movie的信息,这样就实现了TwoPaneActivity和DetailFragment之间的通信。在MovieListFragment中还要创建一个Callbacks对象,在onAttach方法中使其在onListItemSelected方法中调用该对象的onItemSelected方法,并将当前选中项对应Movie的id传入该方法,这样就实现了MovieListFragment和TwoPaneActivity之间的通信。两个Fragment通过Activity简介实现了通信
优化
这样的页面可能更适合大屏幕的平板电脑,但是在小屏幕的手机上,我们更希望一个Activity上是一个单独的列表,选择列表项后跳转到对应的详情Activity
为了兼顾屏幕分辨率,可以创建一个values-large,在该文件夹下建立一个名为practice_refs.xml的引用资源文件,该引用资源专门用于定义各种引用项
practice_refs.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<!-- 定义activity_list实际引用@layout/activity_two_pane资源 -->
<item name="activity_list" type="layout">
@layout/activity_two_pane
</item>
</resources>
activity_list.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 直接使用MovieListFragment作为界面组件 -->
<fragment xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/book_list"
android:name="com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.MovieListFragment"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_marginLeft="16dp"
android:layout_marginRight="16dp" />
ListActivity.java 只有列表的Activity
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.R;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.DetailFragment;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.MovieListFragment;
public class ListActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements MovieListFragment.Callbacks {
//定义一个旗标,用于标识应用是否支持大屏幕
boolean mTwoPane;
FragmentManager manager;
FragmentTransaction transaction;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//指定加载R.layout.activity_list对应的界面布局,但实际上会根据屏幕分辨率加载不同的界面布局
setContentView(R.layout.activity_list);
//如果加载的布局文件包含id为detail的组件
if(findViewById(R.id.detail)!=null){
mTwoPane=true;
manager=getSupportFragmentManager();
((MovieListFragment)manager.findFragmentById(R.id.list)).setActivateOnItemClick(true);
}else{
getSupportActionBar().setTitle("电影列表");
}
}
@Override
public void onItemSelected(Integer id) {
if (mTwoPane){
transaction=manager.beginTransaction();
transaction.replace(R.id.detail,new DetailFragment(id));
//将事务添加到Back栈,允许用户按Back键返回到替换Fragment之前的状态
transaction.addToBackStack(null);
transaction.commit();
}else{
Intent detailIntent=new Intent(ListActivity.this,DetailActivity.class);
detailIntent.putExtra(DetailFragment.ITEM_ID, id);
startActivity(detailIntent);
}
}
}
activity_detail.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<FrameLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/detail"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent" />
DetailActivity.java 显示详情的Activity
package com.example.fragmentsetting.practice;
import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.R;
import com.example.fragmentsetting.practice.fragment.DetailFragment;
public class DetailActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//指定加载/res/layout目录下的activity_detail.xml布局文件
//该界面布局文件内只定义了一个名为detail的FrameLayout
setContentView(R.layout.activity_detail);
//将ActionBar上的应用图标转换成可点击的按钮,即提供可返回主页的按钮
getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
getSupportActionBar().setTitle("电影详情");
int id=getIntent().getIntExtra(DetailFragment.ITEM_ID, 0);
getSupportFragmentManager().beginTransaction().add(R.id.detail,new DetailFragment(id)).commit();
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(@NonNull MenuItem item) {
if(item.getItemId()==android.R.id.home){
Intent intent=new Intent(this,ListActivity.class);
//添加额外的Flag,将Activity栈中处于FirstActivity之上的Activity弹出
intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP);
startActivity(intent);
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
}
MovieListFragment.java
添加如下方法,当小屏幕显示列表占据一整个Activity时使onListItemSelected方法失效
public void setActivateOnItemClick(boolean activateOnItemClick){
getListView().setChoiceMode(activateOnItemClick?ListView.CHOICE_MODE_SINGLE:ListView.CHOICE_MODE_NONE);
}
DetailFragment.java
在DetailFragment中添加全局变量ITEM_ID用于传递id参数
public static String ITEM_ID="ITEM_ID";
优化后显示效果如下
这样就实现了不同分辨率屏幕显示不同页面的功能
有机会再更新
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