SpringMVC体系结构和处理请求控制器

1.MVC设计模式

1.1分层设计:

数据库访问接口:DAO层
处理业务逻辑:Service层
数据实体:POJO
负责前段请求的接受并处理:Servlet
负责前段页面显示:JSP

1.2环境搭建

1.下载需要的jar文件
2.在web.xml中配置Servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.0" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd">
  <!-- 配置环境参数,指定spring配置文件所在目录 -->
  <context-param>
  	<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  	<param-value>classpath:applicationContext-*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 配置spring的ContextLoaderListener监听器,初始化Spring容器 -->
  <listener>
  	<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <servlet>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<servlet-class>
  		org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
  	</servlet-class>
  	<!-- 初始化参数 -->
  	<init-param>
  		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  		<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
  	</init-param>
  	
  	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
  	<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  	<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

1.3创建Spring MVC文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans 
xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation=
"http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.2.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd

http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
"
>
<!-- 扫描 自动装填 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.smbms.controller"/>
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<!-- 完成对应的视图 -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>

<!-- 静态资源 -->
<mvc:resources location="/statics/" mapping="/statics/**" />

<!-- <bean name="/index.html" class="cn.smbms.controller.IndexController"/> -->

</beans>

1.4创建Controller类

package cn.smbms.controller;

import java.util.Map;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.springframework.http.HttpRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.AbstractController;

import cn.smbms.pojo.User;

@Controller



public class IndexController  {
	private Logger logger =Logger.getLogger(IndexController.class);	
	@RequestMapping("/index")
	public String index() {
		logger.info("hello,SpringMVC");
		return "index";
	}
}

1.5创建视图

即我们的JSP页面

1.6部署运行

2.Spring MVC框架的请求处理流程及体系结构

1.客户端发出HTTO请求,Web应用服务器接受此请求,若匹配DispatcherServlet的请求映射路径(在web.xml中指定),则Web容器将该请求转交给DispatcherServlet处理.
2.DispatcherServlet接收到该请求后,请根据请求的信息,找对处理请求的处理器Handler(即我们以上的Controller类)
3.当DispatchersServlet根据HandlerMapping招待对应当前请求的Handler之后,通过HandlerAdapter对Handler进行封装,再以统一的适配器接口调用Handler.
4.在请求信息到达真正调用Handler的处理方法之前的这段时间内,Spring MVC会将信息以一定的方式转换并绑定到请求方法的入参中.
5.处理器完成业务逻辑处理之后将返回一个ModelAndView对象给DispatcherServlet,ModelAndView对象包括了逻辑视图名和模型数据信息.
6.ModelAndView对象中包含的是"逻辑视图名",通过ViewResolver将逻辑视图名解析为真正的视图对象View.
7.得到真正的对象视图view后,dispatcherServlet会对ModelAndView进行视图渲染.
8.最终客户端获得响应消息,根据配置返回一个html或xml或json格式的数据