android中反射技术使用实例

在计算机科学领域，反射是指一类应用，它们能够自描述和自控制。也就是说，这类应用通过采用某种机制来实现对自己行为的描述（self-representation）和监测（examination），并能根据自身行为的状态和结果，调整或修改应用所描述行为的状态和相关的语义.反射 是 Java  程序开发 语言的特征之一，它允许运行中的 Java 程序对自身进行检查，或者说“自审”，并能直接操作程序的内部属性。Java 的反射机制的实现要借助于4个类：class，Constructor，Field，Method；其中class代表的时类对 象，Constructor－类的构造器对象，Field－类的属性对象，Method－类的方法对象。

1.通过反射技术可以访问到其他包名下数据方法等，这些为一些APK换皮肤提供了方便

首先初始化skinContext

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try {              skinContext = this .createPackageContext( "com.skin" ,                       CONTEXT_IGNORE_SECURITY|CONTEXT_INCLUDE_CODE);          } catch (NameNotFoundException e) {              // TODO Auto-generated catch block              skinContext= null ;              e.printStackTrace();          }

可以通过下面的方法访问到指定包名下的资源ID

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/**       * 取得对应包的所有资源的ID       * 存在MAP中       * @param packageName       * @return       */       private Map<string,map<string, object= "" >> getSkinResourcesId(String packageName)       {           Map<string, object= "" > temp =  null ;           Map<string,map<string, object= "" >> resMap = new HashMap<string,map<string,object>>();           try {                   //取得皮肤包中的R文件                   Class<!--?--> rClass = skinContext.getClassLoader().loadClass(packageName+ ".R" );                   //取得记录各种资源的ID的类                   Class<!--?-->[] resClass =rClass.getClasses();                   String className,resourceName;                   int resourceId= 0 ;                   for ( int i= 0 ;i<resclass.length;i++) {= "" classname= "resClass[i].getName();" 取得该类的资源= "" field= "" field[]= "resClass[i].getFields();" for ( int = "" j= "0;j" <= "" field.length;= "" j++)= "" resourcename= "field[j].getName();" try = "" resourceid= "field[j].getInt(resourceName);" }= "" catch = "" (illegalargumentexception= "" e)= "" todo= "" auto-generated= "" block= "" e.printstacktrace();= "" (illegalaccessexception= "" if (resourcename!= "null" &&= "" !resourcename.equals( "" ))= "" temp= "new" hashmap<string,= "" object= "" >();                               temp.put(resourceName, resourceId);                               Log.i( "DDDDD" , "className:" +className+ "  resourceName:" +resourceName+ "  " +                                       "resourceId:" +Integer.toHexString(resourceId));                           }                       }                       //由于内部类的关系className应该是com.skin.R$layout的形式                       //截掉前面的包名和.R$以方便使用                       className = className.substring(packageName.length()+ 3 );                       resMap.put(className, temp);                   }               } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {                   // TODO Auto-generated catch block                   e.printStackTrace();               }           return resMap;           } </resclass.length;i++)></string,map<string,object></string,map<string,></string,></string,map<string,>

最后通过资源ID和skinContext可以访问到指定包下的所有资源，例如要访问layout

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/**       * 获取皮肤包中的layout       * 并转化为VIEW       * @param layoutName       * @return       */       private View getLayoutFromSkin(String layoutName)       {           View view;           if (resMap == null )               return null ;           Map<string, object= "" > temp = resMap.get( "layout" );           int viewId = (Integer) temp.get(layoutName);           if (viewId != 0 )           {               //引用皮肤包资源转化View               LayoutInflater inflater =LayoutInflater.from(skinContext);               view = inflater.inflate(skinContext.getResources().getLayout(viewId), null );           }           else           {               view = null ;           }           return view;       }  </string,>

注：换皮肤思路详见：http://blog.csdn.net/tangnengwu/article/details/22801107

2. 访问android 隐藏的API

Toast信息框的关闭是由系统管理的，因为hide方法是隐藏的开发者没有办法直接调用，这种情况下可以用发射机制获取这个方法，创建一个显示和隐藏都由开发者控制的Toast信息框。

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package com.example.reflection;   import java.lang.reflect.Field; import java.lang.reflect.Method;   import android.content.Context; import android.util.Log; import android.view.LayoutInflater; import android.view.View; import android.widget.TextView; import android.widget.Toast;   public class MyToast {      Context context= null ;      Object obj = null ;      public MyToast(Context context,String text)      {          this .context =context;          Toast toast =Toast.makeText(context, text, 1 );          try {              Field field = toast.getClass().getDeclaredField( "mTN" );              field.setAccessible( true );              obj =field.get(toast);          } catch (Exception e) {              // TODO: handle exception              Log.d( "AAA" , "MyToast Exception--->" +e.toString());          }      }      public void show()      {                    try {              //android4.0以上就要以下处理 //          Field mNextViewField = obj.getClass().getDeclaredField("mNextView"); //          mNextViewField.setAccessible(true); //          LayoutInflater inflate = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE); //          View v = inflate.inflate(R.layout.ui_toast, null);          //          mNextViewField.set(obj, v);              Method method =obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod( "show" , null );              method.invoke(obj, null );          } catch (Exception e) {              // TODO Auto-generated catch block              Log.d( "AAA" , "show Exception--->" +e.toString());              e.printStackTrace();          }      }      public void hide()      {          try {              Method method =obj.getClass().getDeclaredMethod( "hide" , null );              method.invoke(obj, null );          } catch (Exception e) {              // TODO Auto-generated catch block              Log.d( "AAA" , "hide Exception--->" +e.toString());              e.printStackTrace();          }      }   }

显示toast:

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1 2	MyToast toast = new MyToast( this , "反射机制!" ); toast.show();

隐藏toast:

toast.hide();

注意在4.0以上的版本中，还需要对Toast 中的View进行处理，如代码中所示

3. 修改某些“不可改” 的系统资源

ListView组件没有提供修改快速滑块图像的API,因此不能直接修改，但可通过反射实现

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package com.example.reflection;   import java.lang.reflect.Field;   import android.content.Context; import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable; import android.util.AttributeSet; import android.widget.AbsListView; import android.widget.ListView;   public class MListView extends ListView {      public MListView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)      {          super (context, attrs);          // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub          setNewDrawable(context);      }            private void setNewDrawable(Context context)      {          try {              Field  field = AbsListView. class .getDeclaredField( "mFastScroller" );              field.setAccessible( true );              Object obj = field.get( this );              field =field.getType().getDeclaredField( "mThumbDrawable" );                   field.setAccessible( true );              Drawable drawable = (Drawable)field.get(obj);              drawable = context.getResources().getDrawable(R.drawable.ic_launcher);              field.set(obj, drawable);          } catch (Exception e) {              // TODO Auto-generated catch block              e.printStackTrace();          }      }   }

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1	Field  field = AbsListView. class .getDeclaredField( "mFastScroller" );

FastScroller.mThunbDrawable变量保存了快速滑块图像，但首先要获取AbsListView.mFastScroller变量

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1 2	<com.example.reflection.mlistview android:id= "@+id/listView1" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:fastscrollenabled= "true" android:scrollbars= "none" >      </com.example.reflection.mlistview>

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1	android:fastScrollEnabled= "true"

使用快速滑块

效果图如下：

总结：

Java中的反射机制，被称为Reflection,它允许运行中的Java程序对自身进行检查，并能直接操作程序的内部属性或方法。Reflection机制允许程序在正在执行的过程中，利用Reflection APIs取得任何已知名称的类的内部信息，包括：package、 type parameters、 superclass、 implemented interfaces、 inner classes、 outer classes、 fields、 constructZ喎�"http://www.2cto.com/kf/ware/vc/" target="_blank" class="keylink">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"brush:java;">method.invoke(obj, null)使用该方法