TCP与UDP属于传输层
TCP与UDP:
基于Socket的TCP编程
由上理论可知想要TCP编程必须使用到Socket,客户端(client)使用Socket,服务端(server)使用ServerSocket,也叫Socket编程
代码示例如下:
例一:
//TCP编程例一:客户端给服务端发送信息。服务端输出此信息到控制台上 //网络编程实际上就是Socket的编程 public class TestTCP1 { //客户端 @Test public void client() { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.创建一个Socket的对象,通过构造器指明服务端的IP地址,以及其接收程序的端口号 socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090); //2.getOutputStream():发送数据,方法返回OutputStream的对象 os = socket.getOutputStream(); //3.具体的输出过程 os.write("我是客户端,请多关照".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //4.关闭相应的流和Socket对象 if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } //服务端 @Test public void server() { ServerSocket ss = null; Socket s = null; InputStream is = null; try { //1.创建一个ServerSocket的对象,通过构造器指明自身的端口号 ss = new ServerSocket(9090); //2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket的对象 s = ss.accept(); //3.调用Socket对象的getInputStream()获取一个从客户端发送过来的输入流 is = s.getInputStream(); //4.对获取的输入流进行的操作 byte[] b = new byte[20]; int len; while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { String str = new String(b, 0, len); System.out.print(str); } System.out.println("收到来自于:"+s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"的连接"); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //5.关闭相应的流以及Socket、ServerSocket的对象 if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (s != null) { try { s.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (ss != null) { try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
结果:
client(客户端):
server(服务端):
我是客户端,请多关照 收到来自于:127.0.0.1的连接
例二:
//TCP编程例二:客户端给服务端发送信息,服务端将信息打印到控制台上,同时发送“已收到信息”给客户端 public class TestTCP2 { //客户端 @Test public void client() { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; InputStream is = null; try { socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 8989); os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("我是客户端".getBytes()); //shutdownOutput():执行此方法,显式地告诉服务端发送完毕! socket.shutdownOutput(); is = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[20]; int len; while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { String str = new String(b, 0, len); System.out.print(str); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } //服务端 @Test public void server() { ServerSocket ss = null; Socket s = null; InputStream is = null; OutputStream os = null; try { ss = new ServerSocket(8989); s = ss.accept(); is = s.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[20]; int len; while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { String str = new String(b, 0, len); System.out.print(str); } os = s.getOutputStream(); os.write("已收到信息".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (s != null) { try { s.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (ss != null) { try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
结果:
client:
已收到信息
server:
我是客户端
例三:
//TCP编程例三:从客户端发送文件给服务端,服务端保存到本地。并返回“发送成功”给客户端。并关闭相应的连接。 public class TestTCP3 { @Test public void client() { Socket socket = null; OutputStream os = null; FileInputStream fis = null; InputStream is = null; try { //创建Socket对象 socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9898); //从本地获取一个文件发送给服务端 os = socket.getOutputStream(); fis = new FileInputStream(new File("1.png")); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len = fis.read(b)) != -1) { os.write(b, 0, len); } //3.终止输出流,告诉客户端已经写入发送完毕 socket.shutdownOutput(); //4.接收来自于服务端的信息 is = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] b2 = new byte[20]; int len2; while ((len2 = is.read(b2)) != -1) { String str = new String(b2, 0, len2); System.out.print(str); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //5.关闭相应的流和Socket对象 if (os != null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (fis != null){ try { fis.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } @Test public void server() { ServerSocket ss = null; Socket socket = null; InputStream is = null; FileOutputStream fos = null; OutputStream os = null; try { //1.创建一个ServerSocket对象 ss = new ServerSocket(9898); //2.调用其accept()方法,返回一个Socket对象 socket = ss.accept(); //3.将从客户端发送来的信息保存到本地 is = socket.getInputStream(); File file = new File("D:\\Java\\1.png"); fos = new FileOutputStream(file); byte[] b = new byte[20]; int len; while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { fos.write(b, 0, len); } System.out.println("收到来自于:"+socket.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()+"的文件!"); //4.发送“接收成功”的信息反馈给客户端 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("success!发送成功!".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { //关闭相应的流和Socket以及ServerSocket对象 if (os != null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (fos != null){ try { fos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (ss != null){ try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
结果:
client:
success!发送成功!
server:
收到来自于:127.0.0.1的文件!
UDP编程则通过“Datagram”(数据报)来发送与接收,发送端使用DatagramSocket,接收端使用DatagramPacket:
UDP网络通信的流程:
代码示例如下:
//UDP编程的实现 public class TestUDP { //发送端 @Test public void send() { DatagramSocket ds = null; try { ds = new DatagramSocket(); byte[] b = "你好,我是要发送的数据".getBytes(); //创建一个数据报,每一个数据报不能大于64k,都记录着数据信息,发送端的IP、端口号 //以及要发送到的接收端的IP、端口号 DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9090); ds.send(pack); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (ds != null) { ds.close(); } } } //接收端 @Test public void receive() { DatagramSocket ds = null; try { ds = new DatagramSocket(9090); byte[] b = new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket pack = new DatagramPacket(b, 0, b.length); ds.receive(pack); String str = new String(pack.getData(), 0, pack.getLength()); System.out.println(str); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (ds != null) { ds.close(); } } } }
结果:
send(发送端):
reveive(接收端):
你好,我是要发送的数据
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------我是分割线---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
综合练习:
//客户端给服务端发送文本,服务端会将文本转成大写再返回给客户端 public class TestExer { public static void main(String[] args) { TestExer.client(); } private static void client() { Socket socket = null; Scanner scanner = null; OutputStream os = null; InputStream is = null; try { socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9191); os = socket.getOutputStream(); System.out.println("请输入多个字符:"); scanner = new Scanner(System.in); String input = scanner.next(); os.write(input.getBytes()); socket.shutdownOutput(); is = socket.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[10]; int len; while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { String str = new String(b, 0, len); System.out.print(str); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (scanner != null) { scanner.close(); } if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (socket != null) { try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } @Test public void server() { ServerSocket ss = null; Socket s = null; InputStream is = null; OutputStream os = null; try { ss = new ServerSocket(9191); s = ss.accept(); os = s.getOutputStream(); is = s.getInputStream(); byte[] b = new byte[10]; int len; StringBuilder str = new StringBuilder(); while ((len = is.read(b)) != -1) { String str1 = new String(b, 0, len); str.append(str1); } System.out.println("接收到的数据是:" + str); String strUpperCase = str.toString().toUpperCase(); os.write(strUpperCase.getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if (os != null) { try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (is != null) { try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (s != null) { try { s.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if (ss != null) { try { ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
结果:
client:
请输入多个字符:
asfsfdgfdhkfhmoirejioewnifnesonfniesionda
ASFSFDGFDHKFHMOIREJIOEWNIFNESONFNIESIONDAserver:
接收到的数据是:asfsfdgfdhkfhmoirejioewnifnesonfniesionda