基于Python3的科学运算与常用算法-第5 可视化科研数据-part2_python3最简单的科学计算可视化-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/PhyiscsLogical/article/details/101516424

本系列是使用Ubuntu 64位操作系统上，anaconda环境下，采用jupyter notebook 实现python3科学计算的文章，应用于青岛科技大学信息学院科学计算与数据挖掘等多个课程中python教学。需要安装的模块，numpy ，matplotlib，scipy，sympy，pandas等科学计算常用模块。由于匆忙成稿，个人能力所限，显得粗糙，并且有几个地方是错误的。主要参考了Numerical Python 2nd Edition

#画中画，insets
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
%matplotlib inline

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))

def f(x):
    return 1/(1 + x**2) + 0.1/(1 + ((3 - x)/0.1)**2)

def plot_and_format_axes(ax, x, f, fontsize):
    ax.plot(x, f(x), linewidth=2)
    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.MaxNLocator(5))
    ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.MaxNLocator(4))
    ax.set_xlabel(r"$x$", fontsize=fontsize)
    ax.set_ylabel(r"$f(x)$", fontsize=fontsize)
    
 # main graph
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.15, 0.8, 0.8], facecolor="#f5f5f5")
x = np.linspace(-4, 14, 1000)
plot_and_format_axes(ax, x, f, 18)     

# inset
x0, x1 = 2.5, 3.5
ax.axvline(x0, ymax=0.3, color="grey", linestyle=":")
ax.axvline(x1, ymax=0.3, color="grey", linestyle=":")
ax_insert = fig.add_axes([0.5, 0.5, 0.38, 0.42], facecolor='none')
x = np.linspace(x0, x1, 1000)
plot_and_format_axes(ax_insert, x, f, 14)

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$E = m c^2$ , $f (x)$

因为不同的默认字体有区别，导致上面的图像中latex字体并不好看，修改字体，可以参考下面的例子。

from matplotlib import rc
rc('font',**{'family':'sans-serif','sans-serif':['Helvetica']})
## for Palatino and other serif fonts use:
#rc('font',**{'family':'serif','serif':['Palatino']})
rc('text', usetex=True)
#这里是标准的示例，tex_demo.py：

"""
Demo of TeX rendering.

You can use TeX to render all of your matplotlib text if the rc
parameter text.usetex is set.  This works currently on the agg and ps
backends, and requires that you have tex and the other dependencies
described at http://matplotlib.org/users/usetex.html
properly installed on your system.  The first time you run a script
you will see a lot of output from tex and associated tools.  The next
time, the run may be silent, as a lot of the information is cached in
~/.tex.cache

""".
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
%matplotlib inline

# Example data
t = np.arange(0.0, 1.0 + 0.01, 0.01)
s = np.cos(4 * np.pi * t) + 2

plt.rc('text', usetex=True)
plt.rc('font', family='serif')
plt.plot(t, s)

plt.xlabel(r'\textbf{time} (s)')
plt.ylabel(r'\textit{voltage} (mV)',fontsize=16)
plt.title(r"\TeX\ is Number "
          r"$\displaystyle\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{-e^{i\pi}}{2^n}$!",
          fontsize=16, color='gray')
# Make room for the ridiculously large title.
plt.subplots_adjust(top=0.8)

plt.savefig('tex_demo')
plt.show()

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from matplotlib import rc
rc('font',**{'family':'sans-serif','sans-serif':['Helvetica']})
## for Palatino and other serif fonts use:
#rc('font',**{'family':'serif','serif':['Palatino']})
rc('text', usetex=True)

import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d.axes3d import Axes3D
%matplotlib inline


fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))

def f(x):
    return 1/(1 + x**2) + 0.1/(1 + ((3 - x)/0.1)**2)

def plot_and_format_axes(ax, x, f, fontsize):
    ax.plot(x, f(x), linewidth=2)
    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.MaxNLocator(5))
    ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(mpl.ticker.MaxNLocator(4))
    ax.set_xlabel('\\textit{Velocity (\u00B0/sec)}', fontsize=fontsize)
    ax.set_ylabel( r"$\displaystyle f(x)$", fontsize=fontsize)
    
 # main graph
ax = fig.add_axes([0.1, 0.15, 0.8, 0.8], facecolor="#f5f5f5")
x = np.linspace(-4, 14, 1000)
plot_and_format_axes(ax, x, f, 18)     

# inset
x0, x1 = 2.5, 3.5
ax.axvline(x0, ymax=0.3, color="grey", linestyle=":")
ax.axvline(x1, ymax=0.3, color="grey", linestyle=":")
ax_insert = fig.add_axes([0.5, 0.5, 0.38, 0.42], facecolor='none')
x = np.linspace(x0, x1, 1000)
plot_and_format_axes(ax_insert, x, f, 14)

plt.grid(True)