吴恩达 第四课第一周 编程 Convolution model - Step by Step - v2

 

Convolutional Neural Networks: Step by Step

Welcome to Course 4's first assignment! In this assignment, you will implement convolutional (CONV) and pooling (POOL) layers in numpy, including both forward propagation and (optionally) backward propagation.

Notation:

• Superscript [l] denotes an object of the lth layer.
  • Example: a[4] is the 4th layer activation. W[5] and b[5] are the 5th layer parameters.

• Superscript (i) denotes an object from the ith example.
  • Example: x(i) is the ith training example input.

• Lowerscript i denotes the ith entry of a vector.
  • Example: a[l]i denotes the ith entry of the activations in layer l, assuming this is a fully connected (FC) layer.

• nH, nW and nC denote respectively the height, width and number of channels of a given layer. If you want to reference a specific layer l, you can also write n[l]H, n[l]W, n[l]C.
• nHprev, nWprev and nCprev denote respectively the height, width and number of channels of the previous layer. If referencing a specific layer l, this could also be denoted n[l−1]H, n[l−1]W, n[l−1]C.

We assume that you are already familiar with numpy and/or have completed the previous courses of the specialization. Let's get started!

1 - Packages

Let's first import all the packages that you will need during this assignment.

 

• numpy is the fundamental package for scientific computing with Python.
• matplotlib is a library to plot graphs in Python.
• np.random.seed(1) is used to keep all the random function calls consistent. It will help us grade your work.

• import numpy as np
  import h5py
  import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
  
  %matplotlib inline
  plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (5.0, 4.0) # set default size of plots
  plt.rcParams['image.interpolation'] = 'nearest'
  plt.rcParams['image.cmap'] = 'gray'
  
  %load_ext autoreload
  %autoreload 2
  
  np.random.seed(1)

  2 - Outline of the Assignment

  You will be implementing the building blocks of a convolutional neural network! Each function you will implement will have detailed instructions that will walk you through the steps needed:

• Convolution functions, including:
  • Zero Padding
  • Convolve window
  • Convolution forward
  • Convolution backward (optional)
• Pooling functions, including:
  • Pooling forward
  • Create mask
  • Distribute value
  • Pooling backward (optional)

• This notebook will ask you to implement these functions from scratch in numpy. In the next notebook, you will use the TensorFlow equivalents of these functions to build the following model:

• 

• 

• # GRADED FUNCTION: zero_pad
  
  def zero_pad(X, pad):
      """
      Pad with zeros all images of the dataset X. The padding is applied to the height and width of an image, 
      as illustrated in Figure 1.
      
      Argument:
      X -- python numpy array of shape (m, n_H, n_W, n_C) representing a batch of m images
      pad -- integer, amount of padding around each image on vertical and horizontal dimensions
      
      Returns:
      X_pad -- padded image of shape (m, n_H + 2*pad, n_W + 2*pad, n_C)
      """
      
      ### START CODE HERE ### (≈ 1 line)
      X_pad = np.pad(X, ((0,0), (pad,pad), (pad,pad),(0,0)), 'constant')
      ### END CODE HERE ###
      
      return X_pad
  
  
  np.random.seed(1)
  x = np.random.randn(4, 3, 3, 2)
  x_pad = zero_pad(x, 2)
  print ("x.shape =", x.shape)
  print ("x_pad.shape =", x_pad.shape)
  print ("x[1,1] =", x[1,1])
  print ("x_pad[1,1] =", x_pad[1,1])
  
  fig, axarr = plt.subplots(1, 2)
  axarr[0].set_title('x')
  axarr[0].imshow(x[0,:,:,0])
  axarr[1].set_title('x_pad')
  axarr[1].imshow(x_pad[0,:,:,0])

  

• 

• # GRADED FUNCTION: conv_single_step
  
  def conv_single_step(a_slice_prev, W, b):
      """
      Apply one filter defined by parameters W on a single slice (a_slice_prev) of the output activation 
      of the previous la